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Influence of Parasitoid States on the Propensity to Enter and the Stay in a Patch

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Abstract

Patch exploitation strategies have received considerable attention since the development of the marginal value theorem. As an excellent biological research object, parasitoids have been extensively studied in regard to patch exploitation, including the effect of parasitoid states. Longevity and fecundity are state-dependent traits that may affect foraging decisions, oviposition behavior and patch residence time. We investigated the impact of Trichopria drosophilae (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) states on patch exploitation. As an important endoparasitic wasp in the Drosophila pupal stage, T. drosophilae has potential as a biological control agent. Our results demonstrate that female age, food availability and mating state modulated the patch residence time of T. drosophilae. In addition, the time taken for females to enter a patch was changed by oviposition experience, age, and food availability. Our results are consistent with models that predict that the patch exploitation strategy must be fundamentally dynamic in parasitoids. Differences between patch foraging behavior in wasps with different internal state can be explained by the maximum fitness they achieved.

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Data Availability

Data for this paper are deposited in the Zenodo repository https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6362590

Code Availability

Not applicable.

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Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (31672351, 31172145).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, People’s Republic of China

    Sheng Zhang, Bo Qian, Amna Ilyas, Xiao-meng Gong, Jing Xu, Peng-cheng Liu & Hao-yuan Hu

Authors
  1. Sheng Zhang
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  2. Bo Qian
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  3. Amna Ilyas
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  4. Xiao-meng Gong
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  5. Jing Xu
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  6. Peng-cheng Liu
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  7. Hao-yuan Hu
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Contributions

SZ, BQ, JX, and XG conduct the experiments. SZ contributed to data curation and statistical analysis, and first drafted the writing. Ilyas A contributed to comments and revisions. PL and HH contributed to idea and design of the study, and comments and revisions; All authors contributed critically to the drafts. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Hao-yuan Hu.

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Zhang, S., Qian, B., Ilyas, A. et al. Influence of Parasitoid States on the Propensity to Enter and the Stay in a Patch. J Insect Behav 35, 56–64 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10905-022-09799-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10905-022-09799-z

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