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Studies on Structural and Dielectric Relaxation of Disordered Barium Titanate due to La3+ Doping

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Abstract

Ba0.97La0.02TiO3 (BLT) ceramic has been prepared by the predictable Molten-Salt process. The structural analyses of the BLT powders were done at room temperature by X-ray powder diffraction. The compound crystallizes with tetragonal symmetry. The dependence of the dielectric constant on temperature for various frequencies (1 kHz–1 MHz) has been determined. The diffuse transition is observed in the variation of the dielectric constant, and it provides evidence for three relaxor characteristics. Three relaxor parts are represented, such as [350 < T < 450; defines relaxor (1), 450 < T < 550; labels relaxor (2), 550 < T < 700; identifies relaxor (3)]. To comprehend the relaxation behavior of the prepared ceramic, three distinct techniques, specifically Debye, Vogel–Fulcher (V–F), and Power low, were utilized. Using the Debye, V–F, and Power law models, the activation energy, Debye frequency, and freezing temperature were derived from the experimental data. The available values are within an acceptable range and provide a clear explanation for the prepared sample's strong relaxation characteristics. The V–F model is found to be more suitable to explain the relaxation process of the prepared ceramic based on the goodness of fit parameter. Characteristically, this study highlights the relaxation process in the lead-free BLT system.

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Data Availability

Derived data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

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Acknowledgments

The author would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research at Majmaah University for supporting this work under Project Number No. R-2023-754.

Funding

No funding was received for conducting this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences, Département de Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Monastir, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia

    Marwa Jebli & J. Dhahri

  2. Department of Physics, College of Sciences at Zulfi, Majmaah University, 11932, Zulfi, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammed A. Albedah & Hafedh Belmabrouk

  3. Department of General Studies, Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu, Yanbu Industrial College, P.O. Box: 30436, Yanbu, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Nadi Mlihan Alresheedi

Authors
  1. Marwa Jebli
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  2. J. Dhahri
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  3. Mohammed A. Albedah
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  4. Nadi Mlihan Alresheedi
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  5. Hafedh Belmabrouk
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Contributions

MJ: conceptualization, formal analysis, investigation, visualization, writing—original draft, and editing. JD: visualization, review. MAA: visualization, review. NMA: visualization, review. HB: visualization, review. RC: Visualization, review.

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Correspondence to Marwa Jebli.

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Jebli, M., Dhahri, J., Albedah, M.A. et al. Studies on Structural and Dielectric Relaxation of Disordered Barium Titanate due to La3+ Doping. J Inorg Organomet Polym 34, 1765–1775 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-023-02916-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-023-02916-1

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