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Sumac (Rhus coriaria) Extract Loaded-Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Efficiently as a Controlled Drug Delivery System for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis

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Abstract

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory chronic condition that results in the narrowing of arteries and thrombosis. It is caused by lipid accumulation in arteries. There are limited therapeutic benefits from currently available pharmacotherapy treatments for atherosclerosis. Therefore, sumac (Rhus coriaria (RC)) extract is an excellent candidate for therapeutic applications in anti-atherosclerosis, due to its high tannin contents. Here, sumac extract-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) modified with 3-Aminopropyl tetraethoxysilane (APS) (MSN-NH2/RC) have been exploited for loading and controlled release of sumac extract, potentially in the delivery of topical drugs. Particle size and zeta potential, as the main factors affecting the properties of MSNs, were optimized using the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) method, and Design Expert® 13 software was used to analyze the experimental conditions. Furthermore, FE-SEM, TEM, FIIR spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption/desorption were used to characterize the MSNs. The in vitro release profile of MSN-NH2/RC nanoparticles also displayed controlled and gradual release of the drug. Excellent biocompatibility and minimal toxicity were the cell viability results after the cytotoxicity assay for the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was confirmed. Moreover, for the first time in the literature, we demonstrated the ability to load such RC extract effectively into MSNs, as well as their suitability as a new therapeutic approach to treat atherosclerosis through controlled release.

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The corresponding author can provide access to the datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study upon request, subject to reasonable conditions.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies of Tehran University for the financial support of this work.

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The authors state that they did not receive financial assistance, grants, or other forms of support while preparing this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14395-1561, Tehran, Iran

    Fariba Massahi Khosrowshahi, Bahman Ebrahimi-Hosseinzadeh & Ashrafalsadat Hatamian-Zarmi

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  1. Fariba Massahi Khosrowshahi
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Contributions

FMK: Investigation, Methodology, Writing—review & editing, Writing—original draft. BEH: Conceptualization, Supervision, Methodology, Financial support, Writing—review & editing. AHZ: Conceptualization, Supervision, Methodology, Financial support, Writing—review & editing.

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Correspondence to Bahman Ebrahimi-Hosseinzadeh or Ashrafalsadat Hatamian-Zarmi.

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Massahi Khosrowshahi, F., Ebrahimi-Hosseinzadeh, B. & Hatamian-Zarmi, A. Sumac (Rhus coriaria) Extract Loaded-Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Efficiently as a Controlled Drug Delivery System for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis. J Inorg Organomet Polym 34, 793–803 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-023-02865-9

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