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Photocatalytic Decomposition of Indigo Carmine and Methylene Blue Dyes using Facilely Synthesized Lithium Borate/Copper Oxide Nanocomposite

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Abstract

The leakage of factories that contain methylene blue and indigo carmine dyes into water sources causes some health problems, such as skin infections, cancer, and digestive system troubles. Consequently, in this work, a lithium borate/copper oxide nanocomposite was facilely synthesized using the pechini sol gel method. After that, the synthesized nanocomposite was used for the remarkable photocatalytic decomposition of indigo carmine and methylene blue dyes. The combination of lithium borate with copper oxide prevents fast recombination of hole/electron pairs and thus increases the efficiency of photocatalytic decomposition of indigo carmine and methylene blue dyes. This is because the interfacial charge transfer efficiency and separation of photo-generated products are dramatically improved by the combination of lithium borate with copper oxide. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized using an ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis spectrophotometer), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The average crystallite size of the synthesized nanocomposite is 18.58 nm. The synthesized nanocomposite has two optical energy gap (Eg) values of 2.67 and 5 eV due to CuO and Li3BO3 phases, respectively. In addition, the FE-SEM and HR-TEM images showed that the synthesized nanocomposite consists of polyhedral, irregular, and rod-like structures with average diameters of 237.83 and 15.75 nm, respectively. The highest decomposition percentages of 100 mL of 25 mg/L of the methylene blue (at pH = 9) and indigo carmine (at pH = 3) dyes using 0.05 g of the synthesized nanocomposite are 93.03 and 89.13%, respectively.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia for funding this work through Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2023R85).

Funding

The authors are grateful to Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia for funding this work through Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2023R85).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia

    Nada S. Al-Kadhi

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia

    Fawaz A. Saad & Reem K. Shah

  3. Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University (ACU), Giza, Egypt

    Gharieb S. El-Sayyad

  4. Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, Galala City, Suez, Egypt

    Gharieb S. El-Sayyad

  5. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia

    Zahrah Alqahtani

  6. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia

    Ehab A. Abdelrahman

  7. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, 13518, Egypt

    Ehab A. Abdelrahman

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  1. Nada S. Al-Kadhi
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  2. Fawaz A. Saad
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Contributions

N.S.A. (Experimental work- Research writing - Research review), F.A.S. (Preparing figures and tables), R.K.S. (Writing the introduction- Preparing figures and tables), G.S.E. (Experimental Work-Writing the Experimental), Z.A. (Response to the comments of reviewers-Revision of manuscript), E.A.A. (Idea, Experimental work, Research Writing). All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ehab A. Abdelrahman.

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Al-Kadhi, N.S., Saad, F.A., Shah, R.K. et al. Photocatalytic Decomposition of Indigo Carmine and Methylene Blue Dyes using Facilely Synthesized Lithium Borate/Copper Oxide Nanocomposite. J Inorg Organomet Polym 33, 2765–2775 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-023-02727-4

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