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Synthesis and Characterization of Composite Film Based on Cellulose of Napier Grass Incorporated with Chitosan and Gelatine for Packaging Material

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Abstract

Mitigating environmental pollution, which adversely affects humans, wildlife, and habitat, has been attracting increasing attention worldwide, especially with reference to the importance of using composite films. In this study, composite films consisting of cellulose, chitosan, and gelatine were analysed and characterized. It was fabricated via a solution casting method. The cellulose extracted from the whole stem, cortex, and pith of Napier grass with 4, 8, 12, and 16% alkali concentrations were used to produce the composite films. Based on the thermogravimetric analysis, mechanical analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, it was confirmed that the interaction of cellulose of Napier grass, chitosan and gelatine had improve the thermal behaviour, strength, composition, crystallinity, and morphology of composite films. The composite films using 8% alkali-treated cellulose from the whole stem had an ordered structure with 2θ = 22.68°. Furthermore, it contained the highest final residue (74.85%) and tensile strength of 4.58 ± 0.373 MPa.

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Acknowledgements

The authors appreciatively thank the Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Shah Alam, and International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) for the support of their facility in conducting this research.

Funding

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Malaysia through the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (Ref: FRGS/1/2020/TK0/UNIMAP/02/18).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia

    T. N. Tuan Rohadi, M. J. M. Ridzuan, M. S. Abdul Majid, A. Azizan & Fauziah Mat

  2. Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia

    T. N. Tuan Rohadi

  3. Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia

    S. M. Sapuan

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  1. T. N. Tuan Rohadi
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MJMR, TNTR and MSAM designed the entire story in this manuscript, performed all tests and data analysis. AA, FM, SMS were designed and revised the manuscript. All authors discussed the methods, results and checked the manuscripts.

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Correspondence to M. J. M. Ridzuan.

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Rohadi, T.N.T., Ridzuan, M.J.M., Majid, M.S.A. et al. Synthesis and Characterization of Composite Film Based on Cellulose of Napier Grass Incorporated with Chitosan and Gelatine for Packaging Material. J Inorg Organomet Polym 33, 1134–1146 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-023-02563-6

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