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Influence of Synthesis Method on Structural, Morphological, Magnetic, and Antimicrobial Properties of Fe-Ag Nanoparticles

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Abstract

This contribution reports on the development of two versatile and efficient methods, namely the green and gamma radiolysis for Fe-Ag nanoparticles (NPs) synthesis, characterization, and further their growth inhibition potential on some spoilage microorganisms. Green Ag/Fe2O3 NPs were obtained at Fe-Ag [3:1], annealing temperature of 800 °C for 2 h, and gamma irradiated Ag/Fe3O4 NPs were obtained at Fe-Ag [7:1], a 50 kGy dose. The characterization techniques were performed with these two samples whereby the sizes from crystallographic and microscopic analyses were 39.59 and 20.00 nm for Ag/Fe2O3 NPs, 28.57 and 15.37 nm for Ag/Fe3O4 NPs, respectively. The polycrystallinity nature observed from X-ray diffraction was in accordance with the selected area electron diffraction. The vibrational properties confirmed the presence of bimetallic Fe-Ag NPs with the depiction of chemical bonds, Fe–O and Ag–O from attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elements Ag, Fe, O from energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses. The magnetic properties carried out using a vibrating sample magnetometer suggested a superparamagnetic behavior for the Ag/Fe2O3 NPs and a ferromagnetic behavior for the Ag/Fe3O4 NPs. Overall, the green Ag/Fe2O3 NPs successfully inhibited the growth of spoilage yeasts Candida guilliermondii, Zygosaccharomyces fermentati, Zygosaccharomyces florentinus, and spoilage molds Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, Alternaria alstroemeriae.

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Acknowledgements

This research program was generously supported by grants from the National Research Foundation of South Africa (NRF), and the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World (TWAS). The authors acknowledge UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences & Nanotechnology, iThemba LABS, the Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT), as well as the University of the Western Cape (UWC) to whom they are all grateful.

Funding

National Research Foundation South Africa, UID:139198; North-West University, RK 16; University of the Western Cape, South Africa.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa

    Sandrine Kamdoum Noukelag, Siphelo Ngqoloda & Christopher J. Arendse

  2. UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences & Nanotechnology Laboratories (U2AC2N), College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Muckleneuk Ridge, PO Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa

    Sandrine Kamdoum Noukelag, Lebogang Kotsedi & Malik Maaza

  3. Material Research Department (MRD), Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation, 1 Old Faure Road, Somerset West, PO Box 722, Somerset West, 7129, Western Cape, South Africa

    Sandrine Kamdoum Noukelag, Lebogang Kotsedi & Malik Maaza

  4. Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa

    Maxwell Mewa-Ngongang

  5. Economic Integration Division, African Union Development Agency, PO Box 1685, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Lovasoa Christine Razanamahandry

  6. Center of Excellence in Carbon-Based Fuels, School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Private Bag X1290, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa

    Seteno K. O. Ntwampe

  7. Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij (The Fruit, Vine and Wine Institute of the Agricultural Research Council), Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa

    Maxwell Mewa-Ngongang

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  1. Sandrine Kamdoum Noukelag
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  8. Malik Maaza
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Contributions

Conceptualization, writing- Original draft preparation: Sandrine Kamdoum Noukelag; Data curation, methodology: Sandrine Kamdoum Noukelag, Maxwell Mewa-Ngongang, Siphelo Ngqoloda, Lebogang Kotsedi; Visualization, investigation: Lovasoa Christine Razanamahandry, Malik Maaza; Writing-review and editing: Sandrine Kamdoum Noukelag, Maxwell Mewa-Ngongang, Seteno K.O. Ntwampe, Christopher J. Arendse; Supervision: Malik Maaza.

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Correspondence to Sandrine Kamdoum Noukelag.

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Noukelag, S.K., Mewa-Ngongang, M., Ngqoloda, S. et al. Influence of Synthesis Method on Structural, Morphological, Magnetic, and Antimicrobial Properties of Fe-Ag Nanoparticles. J Inorg Organomet Polym 33, 159–169 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-022-02493-9

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