Skip to main content

Mesoporous Zn–Ti Mixed Oxide Nanostructure: A New Bifunctional Catalyst for Partial Oxidation and Bezylation Reactions

Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials (2022)Cite this article

Abstract

Here, we report a facile synthesis of porous zinc-titanium oxide based mixed oxide nanoparticles having Zn/Ti molar ratio 1:2 based on evaporation-induced sol–gel route using Pluronic triblock copolymer P123 as a template. Use of volatile ethanolic media during the evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) method facilitates the formation of Zn–Ti mixed oxide heterostructure. Powder XRD data reveals that the composite material displayed ZnTiO3/TiO2 phases. Morphology, composition, porosity, nanostructure and thermal stability have been systematically investigated using small angle powder XRD, FE SEM-EDS, TEM, N2 sorption, FT IR and TG-DTA techniques. The observed BET surface area of Zn–Ti mixed oxide was 231 m2 g−1 with a typical mesopore diameter (~ 5 nm) mostly arising from interparticle void space. The Zn–Ti mixed oxide catalyst showed bifunctional activity for Friedel–Craft benzylation of aromatics using benzyl chloride as well as partial oxidation of olefins under mild reaction conditions using dilute aqueous H2O2 as oxidant.

Graphical Abstract

Zn–Ti based porous nanoparticles synthesized using Pluronic P123 copolymer surfactant via EISA method has shown a very high surface area of 231 m2 g−1 and a significant bifunctional role for liquid phase oxidation and benzylation reaction.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

USD 39.95

Price includes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Scheme 1
Scheme 2
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

References

  1. Y.F. Lu, H.Y. Fan, A. Stump, T.L. Ward, T. Rieker, C.J. Brinker, Nature 398, 223 (1999)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Y. Zhou, M. Antonietti, J Am Chem Soc 125, 14960 (2003)

    CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Y.S. Lin, C.L. Haynes, Chem Mater 21, 3979 (2009)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  4. C.S. Lei, M. Pi, C.J. Jiang, B. Cheng, J.G. Yu, J Colloid Interface Sci 490, 242 (2017)

    CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  5. E. Doustkhah, H. Mohtasham, M. Hasani, Y. Ide, S. Rostamnia, N. Tsunoji, M. Hussein, N. Assadi, Mol Catal 482, 110676 (2020)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  6. A. Ahadi, H. Alamgholiloo, S. Rostamnia, X. Liu, M. Shokouhimehr, D.A. Alonso, R. Luque, ChemCatChem 11(19), 4803 (2019)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  7. A.G. Moaser, A. Ahadi, S. Rouhani, B.B. Mamba, T.A.M. Msagati, S. Rostamnia, T. Kavetskyy, S. Dugheri, S. Khaksar, A. Hasanzadeh, M. Shokouhimehr, J Mole Liq 312, 113388 (2020)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  8. A. Hasanzadeh, B. Gholipour, S. Rostamnia, A. Eftekhar, A. Tanomand, A. Valizadeh, K.S. Khaksar, R. Khalilov, J Colloid Interface Sci 585, 676 (2021)

    CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  9. H. Alamgholiloo, S. Rostamnia, N.N. Pesyan, Appl Organomet Chem 34(4), e5452 (2020)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  10. E. Doustkhah, J. Lin, S. Rostamnia, C. Len, R. Luque, X. Luo, Y. Bando, K.C.-W. Wu, J. Kim, Y. Yamauchi, Y. Ide, Chem A Eur J 25(7), 1614 (2019)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  11. K. Patra, S.K. Das, A. Bhaumik, J Mater Chem 21(11), 3925 (2011)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  12. N. Chauhan, V. Singh, S. Kumar, M. Kumari, K. Sirohi, J Mol Struct 1185, 219 (2019)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  13. K. Polychronopoulou, A.F. Zedan, M.S. Katsiotis, M.A. Baker, A.A. AlKhoori, S.Y. AlQaradawi, S.J. Hinder, S. AlHassan, Mol Catal 428, 41 (2017)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  14. N. Pal, A. Bhaumik, Dalton Trans 41, 9161 (2012)

    CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  15. G. Purohit, D.S. Rawat, ACS Sustain Chem Eng 7, 19235 (2019)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  16. X. Zhang, F. Zhang, K.Y. Chan, Appl Catal A Gen 284, 193 (2005)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  17. M. Pramanik, Y. Tsujimoto, V. Malgras, S.X. Dou, J.H. Kim, Y. Yamauchi, Chem Mater 27, 1082 (2015)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  18. M.U. Anu Prathap, B. Kaur, R. Srivastava, J Colloid Interface Sci 381(1), 143 (2012)

    CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  19. N. Pal, M. Paul, A. Bhaumik, Appl Catal A Gen 393, 153 (2011)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  20. T. Sakai, P. Alexandridis, Langmuir 20, 8426 (2004)

    CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  21. T. Puangpetch, T. Sreethawong, S. Yoshikawa, S. Chavadej, J Mol Catal A Chem 287(1–2), 70 (2008)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  22. J. Fan, S.W. Boettcher, G.D. Stucky, Chem Mater 18, 6391 (2006)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  23. M. Paul, N. Pal, B.S. Rana, A.K. Sinha, A. Bhaumik, Catal Commun 10, 2041 (2009)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  24. N. Pal, A. Bhaumik, Chem Phys Lett 535, 69 (2012)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  25. L.K. Munguti, F.B. Dejenec, Nano-Struct Nano-Objects 27, 100772 (2021)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Y. Shen, K. Yin, C. An, Z. Xiao, Appl Surf Sci 456, 1 (2018)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  27. D.P. Dutta, A. Singh, A.K. Tyagi, J Environ Chem Eng 2, 2177 (2014)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  28. X. Jaramillo-Fierro, S. González, H.A. Jaramillo, F. Medina, Nanomaterials 10, 1891 (2020)

    CAS  PubMed Central  Article  Google Scholar 

  29. K. Polychronopoulou, J.L.G. Fierro, A.M. Efstathiou, Appl Catal B Environ 57(2), 125 (2005)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  30. A. Pineda, N. Lazaro, A.M. Balu, A. Garcia, A.A. Romero, R. Luque, Mol Catal 493, 111092 (2020)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  31. L.Z. Wang, Q. Xiao, D. Zhang, W. Kuang, J.H. Huang, Y.N. Liu, A.C.S. Appl, Mater Interfaces 12, 36652 (2020)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  32. T. He, H.F.T. Klare, M. Oestreich, ACS Catal 11, 12186 (2021)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  33. J.Y. Xie, W.X. Zhuang, N. Yan, Y.H. Du, S.B. Xi, W. Zhang, J.J. Tang, Y. Zhou, J. Wang, Chem Eng J 328, 1031 (2017)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  34. J.G. Wang, H.J. Wang, T. Yokoi, T. Tatsumi, Microporous Mesoporous Mater 276, 207 (2019)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  35. C.J. Brinker, Y. Lu, A. Sellinger, H. Fan, Adv Mater 11(7), 579 (1999)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  36. N. Pal, Adv Colloid Interface Sci 280, 102156 (2020)

    CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  37. M. Kruk, L. Cao, Langmuir 23(13), 7247 (2007)

    CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  38. X. Hu, B.O. Skadtchenko, M. Trudeau, D.M. Antonelli, J Am Chem Soc 128, 11740 (2006)

    CAS  PubMed  Article  Google Scholar 

  39. P.I. Ravikovitch, A.V. Neimark, J Phys Chem B 105, 6817 (2001)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Y.-W. Wang, P.-H. Yuan, C.-M. Fan, Y. Wang, G.-Y. Ding, Y.-F. Wang, Ceram Int 38, 4173 (2012)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  41. L. Zhu, Q. Lu, L. Lv, Y. Wang, Y. Hu, Z. Deng, Z. Lou, Y. Hou, F. Teng, RSC Adv 7, 20084 (2017)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  42. J.M. Kisler, A. Dähler, G.W. Stevens, A.J. O’Connor, Microporous Mesoporous Mater 44–45, 769 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. S. Inagaki, S. Guan, Y. Fukushima, T. Ohsuna, O. Terasaki, J Am Chem Soc 121, 9611 (1999)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  44. N. Pal, M. Paul, A. Bhaumik, J Solid State Chem 184, 1805 (2011)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  45. D. Singh, P. Patidar, A. Ganesh, S. Mahajani, Ind Eng Chem Res 52, 14776 (2013)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  46. A. Vinu, D.P. Sawant, K. Ariga, M. Hartmann, S.B. Halligudi, Microporous Mesoporous Mater 80, 195 (2005)

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

N. Pal conveys gratitude to R & D section of MGIT for supporting her research work. She also wishes to thank the Jadavpur University and Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science for the technical support to analyze her sample.

Funding

The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics and Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology, Gandipet, Hyderabad, 500075, India

    Nabanita Pal

  2. School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India

    Debabrata Chakraborty & Asim Bhaumik

  3. Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India

    Mahammad Ali

Authors
  1. Nabanita Pal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Debabrata Chakraborty
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Asim Bhaumik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mahammad Ali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by NP and DC. The first draft of the manuscript was written by NP and modified by AB. All authors commented on the manuscript modification. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Nabanita Pal or Asim Bhaumik.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 358 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Pal, N., Chakraborty, D., Bhaumik, A. et al. Mesoporous Zn–Ti Mixed Oxide Nanostructure: A New Bifunctional Catalyst for Partial Oxidation and Bezylation Reactions. J Inorg Organomet Polym (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-022-02347-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-022-02347-4

Keywords

  • Porous nanoparticles
  • Tetragonal ZnTiO3
  • ZnTiO3/TiO2 composite
  • Bifunctional catalysis
  • Oxidation
  • Benzylation