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Sonoco Green Decoration of Clinoptilolite with MgO Nanoparticles as a Potential Carrier for 5-Fluorouracil Drug: Loading Behavior, Release Profile, and Cytotoxicity

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Abstract

Natural clinoptilolite was decorated by green MgO nanoparticles (G. MgO/Clino) and characterized as a potential drug delivery system for 5-Fluorouracil drug. The synthetic G. MgO/Clino as carrier exhibits an enhanced loading capacity of 244.5 mg/g which is higher than clinoptilolite (163 mg/g). The loading reaction of 5-FC follows the equilibrium and kinetic properties of Langmuir and Pseudo-first order models, respectively. Therefore, the loaded 5-FC molecules are of homogenous and monolayer forms with Gaussian energy (8.51 kJ/mol) related to physisorption and zeolitic ion exchange processes. Also, the thermodynamic study declared feasible, endothermic, and spontaneous loading reactions of the 5-FC drug. The release study emphasizes a long and continuous profile for 150 h either in gastric buffer (pH 1.2) or intestinal buffer (pH 7.4). The release kinetics follow Higuchi and Hixson-Crowell model in addition to Korsmeyer–Peppas model with diffusion exponent (0.50 at pH 1.2 and 0.47 at pH 7.4). This suggests non-Fickian transport behavior for the released 5-FC molecules by both erosion and diffusion mechanism. The cytotoxicity study on the colorectal normal cell (CCD-18Co) demonstrates significant safety and biocompatibility properties of G. MgO/Clino as a drug carrier. Moreover, the G. MgO/Clino carrier induced the cytotoxic effect on the colon cancer cells (HCT-116) by controlling the diffusion rate and the oxidative effect of the green MgO nanoparticles.

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University through the Fast-track Research Funding Program to support publication in the top journal (Grant no. 42-FTTJ-88).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Sarah I. Othman & Haifa Al Fassam

  2. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-suef 65211, Egypt

    Ahmed A. Allam

  3. Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 2079, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia

    Gasem M. Abu-Taweel

  4. Department of Biology, King Khalid Military Academy, Riyadh, 14625, Saudi Arabia

    Naif Altoom

  5. Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni–Suef City, Egypt

    Mostafa R. Abukhadra

  6. Materials Technologies and Their Applications Lab, Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef City, Egypt

    Mostafa R. Abukhadra

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  1. Sarah I. Othman
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The authors contribute equally in preparing the material, designing the experimental section, interpreting the results, and writing the manuscript.

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Othman, S.I., Allam, A.A., Al Fassam, H. et al. Sonoco Green Decoration of Clinoptilolite with MgO Nanoparticles as a Potential Carrier for 5-Fluorouracil Drug: Loading Behavior, Release Profile, and Cytotoxicity. J Inorg Organomet Polym 31, 4608–4622 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-021-02078-y

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