Abstract
One of the efficient methods for enhancement of the heavy metal adsorption of nano graphene oxide (GO) is the surface modification through functional polymer. In this study, cross-linked polymethacrylamide (CPMAM) as hydrogel network was synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) technique to graft on the surface of GO activated phenylalanine (GO-Ph). The proposed mechanism for the grafting and chemically crosslinking reactions was proved with various techniques. The modified GO was employed as an excellent adsorbent for the removing of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The results indicated that ion adsorption basically relies on adsorbing time, solution pH, temperature, and initial Cd(II) concentration. In the optimized condition adsorption capacity was calculated to be 41.14 mg/g. Moreover, the adsorption kinetics and isotherm analysis demonstrated that the adsorption model was fitted with the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich isotherm models, respectively. The thermodynamic study showed that the ion adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. Based on the obtained results, the surface-modified GO with CPMAM has the potential to be used in sensitive environment that needs to completely remove Cd(II) ions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Z. Fu, W. Guo, Z. Dang, Q. Hu, F. Wu, C. Feng, X. Zhao, W. Meng, B. Xing, J.P. Giesy, ACS Publications, 2017
L.T. Friberg, G.-G. Elinder, T. Kjellstrom, G.F. Nordberg, Cadmium and Health: A Toxicological and Epidemiological Appraisal: Volume 2: Effects and Response, CRC press, 2019
Y. Chen, H. Wang, W. Zhao, S. Huang, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. 88, 146–151 (2018)
G.F. Nordberg, Biometals 17, 485–489 (2004)
C.-G. Elinder, L. Järup, Ambio, 370–373 (1996)
L. Charerntanyarak, Water Sci. Technol. 39, 135–138 (1999)
A. Bodagh, H. Khoshdast, H. Sharafi, H. Shahbani Zahiri, K. Akbari Noghabi, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 52, 3910–3917 (2013)
A. Da̧browski, Z. Hubicki, P. Podkościelny, E. Robens, Chemosphere, 56 91–106 (2004)
M. Hunsom, K. Pruksathorn, S. Damronglerd, H. Vergnes, P. Duverneuil, Water Res. 39, 610–616 (2005)
K.K. Bhatluri, M.S. Manna, A.K. Ghoshal, P. Saha, J. Hazard. Mater. 299, 504–512 (2015)
F. Zarei, A. Marjani, R. Soltani, Eur. Polymer J. 119, 400–409 (2019)
W. Zhang, N. Li, T. Xiao, W. Tang, G. Xiu, Journal of Environmental Sciences, (2019)
H. Soltani, A. Belmokhtar, F. Zeggai, A. Benyoucef, S. Bousalem, K. Bachari, J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym Mater. 29, 841–850 (2019)
A. Zehhaf, A. Benyoucef, C. Quijada, S. Taleb, E. Morallon, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 12, 595–602 (2015)
Y. Wu, X. Qiu, S. Cao, J. Chen, X. Shi, Y. Du, H. Deng, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 539, 533–544 (2019)
Y. Ma, B. Mu, X. Zhang, H. Zhang, H. Xu, Z. Qu, L. Gao, J. Environ. Sci. 79, 111–120 (2019)
B. Biškup, B. Subotić, Sep. Sci. Technol. 39, 925–940 (2005)
X. Jiang, Q.-D. An, Z.-Y. Xiao, S.-R. Zhai, Z. Shi, Materials Research Bulletin, 110526 (2019)
M.A. Tofighy, T. Mohammadi, Mater. Res. Bull. 68, 54–59 (2015)
Q. Sun, B. Aguila, J. Perman, L.D. Earl, C.W. Abney, Y. Cheng, H. Wei, N. Nguyen, L. Wojtas, S. Ma, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139, 2786–2793 (2017)
N. Huang, L. Zhai, H. Xu, D. Jiang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139, 2428–2434 (2017)
S. Halder, J. Mondal, J. Ortega-Castro, A. Frontera, P. Roy, Dalton Trans. 46, 1943–1950 (2017)
Y. Chen, M. Wang, Y. Hu, J. Han, Mater. Chem. Phys. 214, 172–179 (2018)
W. Gao, M. Majumder, L.B. Alemany, T.N. Narayanan, M.A. Ibarra, B.K. Pradhan, P.M. Ajayan, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 3, 1821–1826 (2011)
S. Petrescu, S. Avramescu, A. Musuc, F. Neatu, M. Florea, P. Ionita, Mater. Res. Bull. 122, 110643 (2020)
L.P. Lingamdinne, S. Lee, J.-S. Choi, V.R. Lebaka, V.R.P. Durbaka, J.R. Koduru, J. Hazard. Mater. 402, 123882 (2020)
P. Zhang, K. Jiang, C. Ye, Y. Zhao, Chem. Commun. 47, 9504–9506 (2011)
Z. Wang, X. Tong, J. Yang, X. Wang, M. Zhang, G. Zhang, S. Long, J. Yang, Composites Science and Technology 175, 6–17 (2019)
N.S. Andryushina, O.L. Stroyuk, G.V. Dudarenko, S.Y. Kuchmiy, V.D. Pokhodenko, J. Photochem. Photobiol., A 256, 1–6 (2013)
H. Xu, K.S. Suslick, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 9148–9151 (2011)
Y.J. Yang, Electrochim. Acta 146, 23–29 (2014)
J.O. Zoppe, N.C. Ataman, P. Mocny, J. Wang, J. Moraes, H.-A. Klok, Chemical reviews 117, 1105–1318 (2017)
J. Chen, M. Liu, L. Huang, H. Huang, Q. Wan, J. Tian, Y. Wen, F. Deng, X. Zhang, Y. Wei, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. 91, 570–577 (2018)
K. Jiang, C. Ye, P. Zhang, X. Wang, Y. Zhao, Macromolecules 45, 1346–1355 (2012)
A. Pourjavadi, G.R. Mahdavinia, Turk. J. Chem. 30, 595–608 (2006)
M. Kurdtabar, Z.P. Kermani, G.B. Marandi, Iran. Polym. J. 24, 791–803 (2015)
E. Karadaǧ, ÖB. Üzüm, D. Saraydin, Eur. Polymer J. 38, 2133–2141 (2002)
M.S. Amini-Fazl, A. Ahmari, Materials Research Express 6, 055324 (2019)
W. Kong, D. Huang, G. Xu, J. Ren, C. Liu, L. Zhao, R. Sun, Chemistry–An Asian Journal 11, 1697–1704 (2016)
S. Hosseinzadeh, H. Hosseinzadeh, S. Pashaei, Z. Khodaparast, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 161, 34–44 (2018)
B. Klemm, F. Picchioni, F. van Mastrigt, P. Raffa, ACS omega 3, 18762–18770 (2018)
M.G. Kochameshki, A. Marjani, M. Mahmoudian, K. Farhadi, Chem. Eng. J. 309, 206–221 (2017)
P.K. Samantaray, S. Baloda, G. Madras, S. Bose, Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, 16664–16679 (2018)
M.A. Tofighy, T. Mohammadi, Mater. Res. Bull. 47, 2389–2395 (2012)
A. Pourjavadi, M. Amini-Fazl, S. Barzegar, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 107, 2970–2976 (2008)
A. Pourjavadi, R. Soleyman, G.R. Barajee, Starch-Stärke 60, 467–475 (2008)
S.K. Bajpai, S. Singh, Reactive and Functional Polymers 66, 431–440 (2006)
A. Pourjavadi, M. Sadeghi, H. Hosseinzadeh, Polym. Adv. Technol. 15, 645–653 (2004)
S. Javanbakht, M. Pooresmaeil, H. Namazi, Carbohydrate polymers 208, 294–301 (2019)
A. Pourjavadi, M. Ayyari, M. Amini-Fazl, Eur. Polymer J. 44, 1209–1216 (2008)
A. Pourjavadi, M.S. Amini-Fazl, Polymer international 56, 283–289 (2007)
A. Pourjavadi, H. Salimi, M. Amini-Fazl, M. Kurdtabar, A. Amini‐Fazl, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 102, 4878–4885 (2006)
R. Kaur, A. Kaur, A. Umar, W.A. Anderson, S.K. Kansal, Mater. Res. Bull. 109, 124–133 (2019)
J.-P. Simonin, Chem. Eng. J. 300, 254–263 (2016)
M. Berger, Nanoengineering: The Skills and Tools Making Technology Invisible, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019
J. Zhang, Q. Wang, A. Wang, Carbohydrate polymers 68, 367–374 (2007)
Y. Chen, H. Tan, Carbohyd. Res. 341, 887–896 (2006)
X. Gao, J. Jang, S. Nagase, J. Phys. Chem. C 114, 832–842 (2009)
C. Botas, P. Álvarez, P. Blanco, M. Granda, C. Blanco, R. Santamaría, L.J. Romasanta, R. Verdejo, M.A. López-Manchado, R. Menéndez, Carbon 65, 156–164 (2013)
F. Ge, M.-M. Li, H. Ye, B.-X. Zhao, J. Hazard. Mater. 211, 366–372 (2012)
D. Saraydın, E. Karadağ, Dyes and biomolecules in polymer science: research advances, practical applications and educational aspects (Formatex Research Center, Badajoz, Spain, 2016), pp. 448–460
F.N. Muya, C.E. Sunday, P. Baker, E. Iwuoha, Water Sci. Technol. 73, 983–992 (2016)
R. Han, J. Zhang, W. Zou, J. Shi, H. Liu, Journal of Hazardous materials 125, 266–271 (2005)
F. Jing, Q. Yuxia, F. Suling, H. Zhiguo, Chin. J. Anal. Chem. 33, 1151 (2005)
X. Huang, N. Gao, Q. Zhang, J. Environ. Sci. 19, 1287–1292 (2007)
Z. Dong, D. Wang, X. Liu, X. Pei, L. Chen, J. Jin, Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2, 5034–5040 (2014)
Acknowledgements
The authors express their sincere gratitude to the University of Tabriz for providing financial support to this research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
There are no conflicts to declare.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Amini-Fazl, M.S., Barzegarzadeh, M. & Mohammadi, R. Surface Modification of Graphene Oxide with Crosslinked Polymethacrylamide via RAFT Polymerization Strategy: Effective Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions. J Inorg Organomet Polym 31, 2959–2970 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-021-01918-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-021-01918-1