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Highly Visible Light Active Ternary Polyaniline-TiO2-Fe3O4 Nanotube/Nanorod for Photodegradation of Reactive Black 5 Dyes

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Abstract

A ternary photocatalyst of PANI–TiO2–Fe3O4 with nanorod structure was successfully fabricated by a simple one-pot method via chemical oxidative polymerization using ammonium persulfate as an oxidant under acidic medium. The PANI–TiO2–Fe3O4 (10%) possesses the lowest band gap of 1.50 eV due to the synergistic effect amongst PANI, TiO2, and Fe3O4. The PANI–TiO2–Fe3O4 with 10 wt% of Fe3O4 exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity (k = 0.01589 min−1) for photodegradation of Reactive Black 5 dyes under irradiation of visible light. This is corresponding to the excellent photosensitizer behavior of PANI, good redox property of TiO2 and also high electrical conductivity of Fe3O4. The photocatalytic activity eventually decreased as the amount of Fe3O4 increase up to 20 wt%. This is because the excessive of Fe3O4 distorts the elongation of nanorod which reduces the surface active catalytic site for RB5. In summary, the nanorod structure of PANI–TiO2–Fe3O4 photocatalyst has dramatic effects in enhancing the photocatalytic activity.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, University of Malaya, research grants including FRGS (FRGS/1/2019/STG01/TARUC/02/1) and the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (MOHE) for their financial support to complete this research study.

Funding

This study was funded by FRGS/1/2019/STG01/TARUC/02/1.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Nur Aziera Jumat & Wan Jefrey Basirun

  2. Department of Physical Science, Faculty of Applied Science, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Shu-Hui Khor & Sook-Wai Phang

  3. Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Joon-Ching Juan

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  1. Nur Aziera Jumat
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Jumat, N.A., Khor, SH., Basirun, W.J. et al. Highly Visible Light Active Ternary Polyaniline-TiO2-Fe3O4 Nanotube/Nanorod for Photodegradation of Reactive Black 5 Dyes. J Inorg Organomet Polym 31, 2168–2181 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-021-01912-7

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