Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Green Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Vallarai Chooranam and Their Potential Biomedical Applications

  • Published:
Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was done using vallarai chooranam as a bio reducing agent and ascertained by UV–Visible spectrum at 432 nm. Fourier transform infra-red spectrum revealed that the proteins and other ligands were liable for the capping of synthesized silver nanoparticles (VC-AgNPs). Crystalline nature, spherical shapes particles with the size between 40 to 50 nm and elemental composition were found using X-ray Diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. By using Dynamic Light Scattering analysis, the average size of silver nanoparticles was found to be 43.1 nm and the zeta potential value was − 47.5 mV implying the stability of VC-AgNPs. The antibacterial activity of VC-AgNPs showed the maximum and minimum zone of inhibition towards E. coli (23 ± 0.69 mm) and Bacillus subtilis (12.67 ± 0.38 mm). The in vitro antioxidant study revealed the free radical scavenging activity of VC-AgNPs by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and Nitric oxide at the inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 23.11 ± 2.05 µg/mL and 36.52 ± 2.37 µg/mL respectively. The anthelmintic efficacy of VC-AgNPs against Pheretima posthumus mortality was found to be 87% at 5 µg/cm2. VC-AgNPs showed significant larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus with a lethal dose of 0.788 ppm and also VC-AgNPs significantly inhibited the production of acetylcholinesterase with the IC50 value of 0.875 ppm. VC-AgNPs displayed remarkable cytotoxicity against the lung cancer cell line A549 in a dose dependent way with the IC50 value of 125 µg/mL. We demonstrated that VC-AgNPs can be further exploited as a potential candidate for antibacterial, antioxidant, anthelmintic, larvicidal, anti-acetylcholinesterase and anticancer activity.

Graphic Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Y. Zhou, X. Liang, Z. Dai, Nanoscale 8, 12394–12405 (2016)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. S. Khorrami, A. Zarrabi, M. Khaleghi, M. Danaei, M.R. Mozafari, Int. J. 13, 8013 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. A.K. Mishra, K.N. Tiwari, R. Saini, P. Kumar, S.K. Mishra, V.B. Yadav, G. Nath, J. Inorg. Organomet. P. 23, 1–3 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  4. L. Zhang, F.X. Gu, J.M. Chan, A.Z. Wang, R.S. Langer, O.C. Farokhzad, Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 83, 761e769 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. C. Wang, H. Liu, C. Shao, Y. Wang, L. Li, H. Guan, Acta. Ecol. Sin. 28, 2320–2328 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. I. Hussain, N.B. Singh, A. Singh, H. Singh, S.C. Singh, Biotechnol. Lett. 38, 545–560 (2016)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. X.F. Zhang, Z.G. Liu, W. Shen, S. Gurunathan, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 17, 1534 (2016)

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. L. Wei, J. Lu, H. Xu, A. Patel, Z.S. Chen, G. Chen, Drug. Discov. Today. 20, 595–601 (2015)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. M.S. Kiran, V.S. Betageri, C.R. Kumar, S.P. Vinay, M.S. Latha, J. Inorg. Organomet. P. 10, 1 (2020)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. K. Kanagamani, P. Muthukrishnan, M. Ilayaraja, K. Shankar, A. Kathiresan, J. Inorg. Organomet. P. 28, 702–710 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. P.V. Asharani, M.P. Hande, S. Valiyaveettil, Anti-proliferative activity of silver nanoparticles. BMC Cell Biol 10, 65 (2009)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. N. Igaz, D. Kovács, Z. Rázga, Z. Kónya, I.M. Boros, M. Kiricsi, Colloid Surf. B. 146, 670–677 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. I. Khan, K. Saeed, I. Khan, Arab. J. Chem. 12, 908–931 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. S. Saeed, A. Iqbal, M.A. Ashraf, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 4, 1–0 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  15. N. Feroze, B. Arshad, M. Younas, M.I. Afridi, S. Saqib, A. Ayaz, Microsc. Res. Tech. 83, 72–80 (2020)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. A.K. Jha, K. Prasad, Int. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 4, 17–22 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  17. R. Seifipour, M. Nozari, L. Pishkar, J. inorg. Organomet. P. 11, 1–1 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  18. M.I. Abou-Dobara, N.F. Omar, M.A. Diab, A.Z. El-Sonbati, S.M. Morgan, O.L. Salem, A.M. Eldesoky, Mater. Sci. Eng. C .103, 109727 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. S. Ahmed, M. Saifullah Ahmad, B.L. Swami, S. Ikram, J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci. 9, 1–7 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. H. Padalia, P. Moteriya, S. Chanda, Arab. J. Chem. 8, 732–741 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. C. Krishnaraj, E.G. Jagan, S. Rajasekar, P. Selvakumar, P.T. Kalaichelvan, N.J. Mohan, Colloid Surf. B 76, 50–56 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. L. Huang, Y. Sun, S. Mahmud, H. Liu, J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater. 30, 1653 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. T.G. Nithya, S. Sivakumar, K. Sangeetha, Int. J. Pharmtech. Res. 4, 162–168 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Y. Junejo, M. Safdar, M.A. Akhtar, M. Saravanan, H. Anwar, M. Babar, R. Bibi, M.T. Pervez, T. Hussain, M.E. Babar, J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym. Mater. 29, 111–120 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. M.S. Blois, Nature 181, 1199 (1958)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Organization for economic cooperation and development. Earthworm acute toxicity tests, OECD Guideline 207. (Paris, France, 1984)

  27. E.C. Clayden, 1962. Practical Section Cutting and Staining, fourth ed. (J&A Churchill Ltd., London, 1962)

  28. S. Kamalakannan, M. Ramar, P. Arumugam, K. Kovendan, B. Chandramohan, D.V. Thomaz, P. Mani, S. Raja, K. Murugan, Am. J. Innov. Res. Appl. Sci. 7, 186–198 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  29. G.L. Ellman, K.D. Courtney, V. Andres Jr., R.M. Featherstone, Biochem. Pharmacol. 7, 88–95 (1961)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. P. Mukherjee, A. Ahmad, D. Mandal, S. Senapati, S.R. Sainkar, M.I. Khan, R. Parishcha, P.V. Ajaykumar, M. Alam, R. Kumar, M. Sastry, Nano Lett. 1, 515–9 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. M. Focsan, A.M. Gabudean, V. Canpean, D. Maniu, S. Astilean, Mater. Chem. Phys. 129, 939–942 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. A. Thakur, G. Reddy, InIOP Conf. Ser. 225, 012037 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  33. G.R. Sauer, R.E. Wuthier, J. Biol. 263, 13718–13724 (1988)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. E.C. Njagi, H. Huang, L. Stafford, H. Genuino, H.M. Galindo, J.B. Collins, G.E. Hoag, S.L. Suib, Langmuir 27, 264–271 (2011)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. K. Govindaraju, V. Kiruthiga, V.G. Kumar, G. Singaravelu, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 9, 5497–5501 (2009)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. T. Kathiraven, A. Sundaramanickam, N. Shanmugam, T. Balasubramanian, Appl. Nanosci. 5, 499–504 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. K. Anandalakshmi, J. Venugobal, V. Ramasamy, Appl. Nanosci. 6, 399–408 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. S. Raja, V. Ramesh, V. Thivaharan, Arab. J. Chem. 10, 253–261 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. P.A. Sajid, S.S. Chetty, S. Praneetha, A.V. Murugan, Y. Kumar, L. Periyasamy, RSC Adv. 6, 103482–103490 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. S. Mukherjee, D. Chowdhury, R. Kotcherlakota, Theranostics 4, 316 (2014)

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. S. Shrivastava, T. Bera, A. Roy, G. Singh, P. Ramachandrarao, D. Dash, Nanotechnology 18, 225103 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. J.R. Morones, J.L. Elechiguerra, A. Camacho, K. Holt, J.B. Kouri, J.T. Ramírez, M.J. Yacaman, Nanotechnology 16, 2346 (2005)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. S. Menon, H. Agarwal, S.R. Kumar, S.V. Kumar, Int. J. Appl. Pharm. 9, 42–50 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. S. Bharathi, S. Kumaran, G. Suresh, B. Ramesh, M.S. Nalinasundari, Int. J. App. Pharm. 10, 119 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. S. Patil, P. Rajiv, Sivaraj, Indo Am. J. Pharm. Sci. 2, 1453–1459 (2015)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. S. Arun, Int. J. Pharm. Biol. Sci. 6, 439–445 (2015)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. M.S. Oluah, R.N. Obiezue, A.J. Ochulor, E. Onuoha, Anim. Res. Int. 7, 1287–1293 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  48. M.M. Rashid, J. Ferdous, S. Banik, M.R. Islam, A.M. Uddin, F.N. Robel, BMC. Compl. Altern. Med. 16, 242 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. H. Fouad, L. Hongjie, D. Hosni, J. Wei, G. Abbas, H. Gaal, M. Jianchu, Artif. Cell Nanomed. BioTechnol. 46, 558–67 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. U. Jinu, S. Rajakumaran, S. Senthil-Nathan, N. Geetha, P. Venkatachalam, Physiol. Mol. Plant. Pathol. 101, 163–171 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. A. Khatoon, F. Khan, N. Ahmad, S. Shaikh, S.M. Rizvi, S. Shakil, M.H. Al-Qahtani, A.M. Abuzenadah, S. Tabrez, A.B. Ahmed, A. Alafnan, Life Sci. 209, 430–434 (2018)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. R.L. Carr, J.E. Chambers, Taxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 139, 365–73 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. F. Porcelli, M. Delfini, M.R. Del, Giudice, Bioorg. Chem. 27, 197–205 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. G. Rajakumar, T. Gomathi, M. Thiruvengadam, V.D. Rajeswari, V.N. Kalpana, I.M. Chung, Microb. Pathog. 103, 123–128 (2017)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. M.A. Farah, M.A. Ali, S.M. Chen, Y. Li, F.M. Al-Hemaid, F.M. Abou-Tarboush, K.M. Al-Anazi, J. Lee, Colloids Surf. B 141, 158–69 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. M.J. Ahmed, G. Murtaza, F. Rashid, J. Iqbal, Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 45, 1682–1694 (2019)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. M. Anandan, G. Poorani, P. Boomi, K. Varunkumar, K. Anand, A.A. Chuturgoon, M. Saravanan, H.G. Prabu, Process Biochem. 80, 80–88 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore, Tamil Nadu-632115, India, for providing laboratory facilities to carry out the research work.

Funding

Not applicable.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nano and Energy Bioscience Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632115, India

    Sivaji Sathiyaraj, Gunasekaran Suriyakala, Arumugam Dhanesh Gandhi, Sivakumar Saranya & Ranganathan Babujanarthanam

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632115, India

    Murali Santhoshkumar & Ranganathan Babujanarthanam

  3. Department of Biochemistry, KMG College of Arts and Science, Gudiyattam, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632602, India

    Purushothaman Kavitha

Authors
  1. Sivaji Sathiyaraj
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Gunasekaran Suriyakala
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Arumugam Dhanesh Gandhi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sivakumar Saranya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Murali Santhoshkumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Purushothaman Kavitha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Ranganathan Babujanarthanam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

SS designed and performed the manuscript. SS and GS wrote the manuscript. ADG, SS, MS, PK and RB helped in performing the experiment.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ranganathan Babujanarthanam.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sathiyaraj, S., Suriyakala, G., Gandhi, A.D. et al. Green Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Vallarai Chooranam and Their Potential Biomedical Applications. J Inorg Organomet Polym 30, 4709–4719 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-020-01683-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-020-01683-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation