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Adverse Effects of Genotoxicity, Bioaccumulation and Ionoregulatory Modulation of Two Differently Synthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

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Abstract

In this work zebrafish used as a bio-indicator to evaluate the influence of iron oxide nanoparticles on aquatic ecosystems has attracted special attention due to their unique properties. The purpose of this study was to develop a risk based probability model to predict the potential hazards of nanotoxicity toward aquatic organisms posed by iron oxide nanoparticles. Conversely, a notable number of studies have reported the role of iron oxide nanoparticles on aquatic organisms. Therefore, the aim of this present study is to assess the comparative impact of genotoxicity (MN assay), bioaccumulation and ionoregulatory modulation of iron oxide nanoparticles (green and chemical co-precipitated) on zebrafish. Synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles were characterized through UV–Vis, XRD, TEM with EDX, VSM and FT-IR spectrum. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of iron oxide nanoparticles for 96 h was 79.04 and 278.67 ppm respectively. After 96 h, MN assay showed the increasing of erythrocytes damage and bioaccumulation of iron oxide nanoparticles and Na+/K+-ATPase activity were significantly decreased with increasing concentration of iron oxide nanoparticles. In conclusion, green synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles have less toxic when compared to chemical co-precipitated iron oxide nanoparticles during a period of 96 h. This is the first report on green and chemical co-precipitated iron oxide nanoparticles toxicity using zebrafish as an animal model.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Dindigul and Dr. C. M. Ramakiritinan, Department of Marine and Coastal Studies, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India for the laboratory facility.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu, 624 302, India

    D. Suganya & M. R. Rajan

  2. Department of Marine and Coastal Studies, School of Energy, Environment and Natural Resources, Madurai Kamaraj University, Pudumadam, Ramnad District, Tamil Nadu, 623 524, India

    C. M. Ramakritinan

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  1. D. Suganya
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  3. M. R. Rajan
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Correspondence to M. R. Rajan.

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Suganya, D., Ramakritinan, C.M. & Rajan, M.R. Adverse Effects of Genotoxicity, Bioaccumulation and Ionoregulatory Modulation of Two Differently Synthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Zebrafish (Danio rerio). J Inorg Organomet Polym 28, 2603–2611 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-018-0935-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-018-0935-3

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