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Characteristics of Aggregation Induced Emission in 1,1-Dimethyl-2,3,4,5-tetraphenyl and 1,1,2,3,4,5-Hexaphenyl Siloles and Germoles

Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials volume 17, pages 201–213 (2007)Cite this article

Photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of 1,1-dimethyl-2,3,4,5-tetraphenylsilole, including its unusual and dramatic aggregation-induced emission (AIE), are described and compared to those of 1,1-dimethyl-2,3,4,5-tetraphenylgermole and 1,1,2,3,4,5-hexaphenylgermole. Although the germoles display more efficient PL emission in solution than their silole analogs when molecularly dissolved, the siloles experience a much greater enhancement of luminescence when aggregated. Silole emission is enhanced by over two orders of magnitude in the aggregated state, while aggregation increases germole emission by approximately 30-fold. Low-temperature NMR measurements and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations support the hypothesis that the origin of the AIE effect lies in restricted intramolecular rotations (IMR) of the substituent groups about the bonds connecting them to the core metallole ring.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the University of New England and the University of Southern Maine (USM) for financial assistance, and Karen Moulton and Jennifer Jamison of the Dubois Microscopy Laboratory in USM’s Department of Applied Medical Sciences for the TEM measurements.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of New England, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA

    Jerome L. Mullin & Scott R. Keenan

  2. Department of Chemistry, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, 04104, USA

    Henry J. Tracy, James R. Ford & Fred Fridman

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  1. Jerome L. Mullin
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Correspondence to Jerome L. Mullin.

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This paper is dedicated to Professor Ian Manners and his scientific accomplishments.

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Mullin, J.L., Tracy, H.J., Ford, J.R. et al. Characteristics of Aggregation Induced Emission in 1,1-Dimethyl-2,3,4,5-tetraphenyl and 1,1,2,3,4,5-Hexaphenyl Siloles and Germoles. J Inorg Organomet Polym 17, 201–213 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-006-9073-4

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Keywords

  • luminescence
  • silole
  • germole
  • metallole
  • aggregation induced emission.