Abstract
Background
Despite an increasing volume of research on Irish migrants to the UK, limited scientific data exists on the main effects of social support on the health of this community.
Methods
A sample of Irish migrants in London was purposefully recruited (n = 790). Linear regression was used to predict social support. Logistic regression examined the independent association between functional social support and self-rated health (SRH) controlling for low risk covariates.
Results
Older age, economic factors and better SRH precited stronger social support. Irish migrants who reported being able to rely on at least three people in times of crisis and those who perceived stronger emotional support were more likely to report good SRH when adjusted for demography and socio-economic factors. As risks increased only perceived support in times of crisis predicted SRH.
Discussion
Interventions which build reliable and trusted social networks may have a direct effect on migrant health.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Harding S. The incidence of cancers among second-generation Irish living in England and Wales. Br J Cancer, 78(7), 958–961. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1998.608.
Clucas M. Irish health disadvantage in England: contribution of structure and identity components of Irish ethnicity. Ethn Health 2009: 553–573.
Tilki M, Ryan L, D’Angelo A, Sales R. The forgotten Irish. London: Middlesex University. https://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/6350/1/Tilki-Forgotten_Irish.pdf.
Delaney L, Fernihough A, Smith J. Exporting poor health: the Irish in England. SSRN Electr J. 2013. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1923987.
Ryan L. Depression in Irish migrants living in London: case-control study. Br J Psychiatry. 2006; 188: 560–6. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp188.6.560.
Hickman M, Walter B. Discrimination and the Irish community in Britain. London: Commission for Racial Equality; 1997.
Leavey G. Suicide and Irish migrants in Britain: identity and integration. Int Rev Psychiatry. 1999;11:168–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540269974348.
Harrison L, Carr-Hill R, Sutton M. Consumption and harm: drinking patterns of the Irish, the English and the Irish in England’. Alcohol Alcohol. 2001;28:715–23.
Malone M, Dooley M Dwelling in displacement: meanings of ‘community’ and sense of community for two generations of Irish people living in North-West London. Commun Work Family. 2006;9(1):11–28.
Moore, Tilki, Clare, Waters. The moderating effect of functional social support on the association between unfair treatment and self-rated health: a study of the resilience of a community-based sample of Irish migrants in London. The Irish Journal of Sociology (in press).
Ryan L. Friendship-making: exploring network formations through the narratives of Irish highly qualified migrants in Britain. J Ethn Migr Stud. 2015;41:1664–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2015.1015409.
Ryan L, Migrant Women. Social networks and motherhood: the experiences of Irish nurses in Britain. Sociology. 2007;41(2):295–312. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038507074975.
Haslam S, Jetten J, Postmes T, Haslam C. Social identity, health and well-being: an emerging agenda for applied psychology. Appl Psychol Int Rev. 2008;58:1–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00379.
Jetten J, Branscombe N, Haslam S, Haslam C, Cruwys T, Jones J, Cui L, Dingle G, Liu J, Murphy SC, Thai A, Walter Z. Zhang APLoS One. 2015;10(5):e0124609.
Wong ST, Nordstokke D, Gregorich S, Pérez-Stable EJ. Measurement of social support across women from four ethnic groups: Evidence of factorial invariance. J Cross-Cult Gerontol. 2010;25:45–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-010-9111-0.
House S Kabarl R. Measures and concepts of social support. In Cohen S, Syme L, editors, Social Support and Health. New York: Academic Press; 1985. p. 83–108.
Ryan L. Migrants’ social networks and weak ties: accessing resources and constructing relationships post-migration. Sociol Rev. 2011;59:707–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.2011.02030.x.
Semmer NK, Elfering A, Jacobshagen N, Perrot T, Beehr TA, Boos N. The emotional meaning of instrumental social support. Int J Stress Manag. 2008;15:235–51.
Cohen S, Wills TA. Stress, social support, the buffering hypothesis. Psychol Bull. 1985;98:310–357. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.310.
du Plooy DR, Lyons A, Kashima ES. The effect of social support on psychological flourishing and distress among migrants in Australia. J Immigr Minor Health. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-018-0745-2.
Ehrensaft E, Tousignant M. Immigration and resilience. In: Sam D, Berry J, editors. The Cambridge handbook of acculturation psychology. 1st ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2006. p. 469–83.
Ajrouch KJ, Reisine S, Lim S, Sohn W, Ismail A. Perceived everyday discrimination and psychological distress: does social support matter? Ethnicity Health. 2010;15(4):417–34.
Finch BK, Vega J. Acculturation stress, social support, and self-rated health among Latinos in California. Journal of immigrant health. 2012;5:109–11.
Dalgard OS, Bjørk S, Tambs K. Social support, negative life events and mental health. Br J Psychiatry. 1995;166:29–34. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.166.1.29.
Dalgard OS, Dowrick C, Lehtinen V, Vazquez-Barquero JL, Casey P, Wilkinson G, et al. Negative life events, social support and gender difference in depression: a multinational community survey with data from the ODIN study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2006;41:444–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-006-0051-5.
Ryan L, D’Angelo A, Puniskis M, Kaye N. Analysis of 2011 census data, Irish Community statistics: England and selected Urban Areas—research report for west midlands. London: Social Policy Research Centre, Middlesex University; 2014.
Meng Q, Zheng X, Zhang T. A single-item self-rated health measure correlates with objective health status in the elderly: a survey in suburban Beijing. Front Public Health. 2014;2:27.
Bowling A. Just one question: if one question works, why ask several? J Epidemiol Commun Health. 2005;59:345–6. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2004.020784.
Bøen H, Dalgard OS, Bjertness E. The importance of social support in the associations between psychological distress and somatic health problems and socio-economic factors among older adults living at home: a cross sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 2012;12:12–27
George D, Mallery P. SPSS for windows step by step: a simple guide and reference. Boston: Allyn & Bacon; 2003.
Briggs SR, Cheek J. The role of factor analysis in the development and evaluation of personality scales. J Pers. 1986;54:106–14.
Berry JW. Immigration, acculturation and adaptation. Appl Psychol Int Rev. 1997;46:5–61.
Dooley B, Fitzgerald A. My world survey: national study of youth mental health in Ireland. Dublin: Headstrong and UCD School of Psychology; 2012.
Moore J. Post migration living difficulties, help-seeking and community resilience in the initial stages of migration: co-producing community practice with recent Irish migrants to London. J Commun Prac. 2018;26(2):125–42.
Ryan L, Kurdi E. Young, highly qualified migrants: the experiences and expectations of recently arrived Irish teachers in Britain. London: Social Policy Research Centre, Middlesex University; 2014.
Bhugra D, Becker MA. Migration, cultural bereavement and cultural identity. World Psychiatry. 2005;4(1):18–24.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Moore, J. Perceived Functional Social Support and Self-Rated Health: The Health Promoting Effects of Instrumental Support for the Irish Community in London. J Immigrant Minority Health 21, 1004–1011 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-018-0831-5
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-018-0831-5