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Depression in Cardiovascular Patients in Middle Eastern Populations: A Literature Review

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  • Published:
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Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasing in Middle Eastern countries. Depression is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates among cardiovascular (CV) patients. Early detection of and intervention for depression among CV patients can reduce morbidity and mortality and save health care costs. Public information on mental health care needs of Arab CV patients living in Middle East regions is scattered and limited. This literature review surveyed and summarized research studies to learn what is known about the relationship between depression and CVD in Middle Eastern populations. The information will raise awareness among health care professionals and policy makers regarding the clinical significance of depression in Arab CV patients. It might contribute to development of culturally appropriate and effective mental health care services. Multiple databases were searched and 60 articles were assessed, including studies that investigated depression in Arab CV patient populations, physiological mechanisms of depression-CVD comorbidity, and intervention strategies that affect CV risk in depressed Arab patients. We discuss the extent to which this issue has been explored in Arab populations living in Middle East regions and Arab populations living abroad. We recommend that more comprehensive and in-depth research studies be conducted with Arab cardiac patients to enable implementation of culturally appropriate and effective mental health care interventions.

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Abbreviations

ACS:

Acute coronary artery syndrome

AMI:

Acute myocardial infarction

ANS:

Autonomic nervous system

apo A:

Apolipoprotein A

apo B:

Apolipoprotein B

ASD:

Atrial septal defect

BDI:

Beck Depression Inventory

CABG:

Coronary artery bypass graft

CAD:

Coronary artery disease

CES-D:

Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale

CGI-S:

Clinical Global Impression Severity Scale

CIS:

Clinical interview schedule

CR:

Cardiac rehabilitation

CRP:

C-reactive protein

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

DASS 42:

Depression Anxiety Stress Scale

ECG:

Electrocardiogram

ECT:

Electroconvulsive therapy

GDS:

Geriatric Depression Scale

HADS:

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale

HAMD:

Hamilton Depression Rating Scale

HDL:

High density lipoproteins

HPA:

Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal

HRQoL:

Health related quality of life

HRV:

Heart rate variability

HSCL-25:

Hopkins Symptoms Checklist 25

IMT:

Inspiratory muscle training

LDL:

Low density lipoproteins

Lp a:

Lipoprotein a

LV:

Left ventricular

MHI:

Mental Health Inventory

MI:

Myocardial infarction

MLHFQ:

Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire

MPV:

Mean platelet volume

NHP:

Nottingham Health Profile

NO:

Nitric oxide

PAIS-SR:

Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale—Self Report Version

PAR:

Population attributable risk

PHQ:

Patient Health Questionnaire

PWD:

P wave dispersion

QTD:

QT dispersion

SF-36:

Medical Outcomes Study—36-item Short Form Survey

SSRI:

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

TaaQol/TAAQOL:

aka TNO/AZL Adult Quality of Life

TGs:

Triglycerides

UAE:

United Arab Emirates

VAS:

Visual Analogue Scale

VMAT2:

Vesicular monoamine transporter

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This publication was made possible by a grant from Qatar National Research Fund under its National Priority Research Program (NPRP 5-106-3-025). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of Qatar National Research Fund.

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Donnelly, T.T., Al Suwaidi, J.M., Al-Qahtani, A. et al. Depression in Cardiovascular Patients in Middle Eastern Populations: A Literature Review. J Immigrant Minority Health 17, 1259–1276 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-014-0052-5

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