Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasing in Middle Eastern countries. Depression is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates among cardiovascular (CV) patients. Early detection of and intervention for depression among CV patients can reduce morbidity and mortality and save health care costs. Public information on mental health care needs of Arab CV patients living in Middle East regions is scattered and limited. This literature review surveyed and summarized research studies to learn what is known about the relationship between depression and CVD in Middle Eastern populations. The information will raise awareness among health care professionals and policy makers regarding the clinical significance of depression in Arab CV patients. It might contribute to development of culturally appropriate and effective mental health care services. Multiple databases were searched and 60 articles were assessed, including studies that investigated depression in Arab CV patient populations, physiological mechanisms of depression-CVD comorbidity, and intervention strategies that affect CV risk in depressed Arab patients. We discuss the extent to which this issue has been explored in Arab populations living in Middle East regions and Arab populations living abroad. We recommend that more comprehensive and in-depth research studies be conducted with Arab cardiac patients to enable implementation of culturally appropriate and effective mental health care interventions.
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Abbreviations
- ACS:
-
Acute coronary artery syndrome
- AMI:
-
Acute myocardial infarction
- ANS:
-
Autonomic nervous system
- apo A:
-
Apolipoprotein A
- apo B:
-
Apolipoprotein B
- ASD:
-
Atrial septal defect
- BDI:
-
Beck Depression Inventory
- CABG:
-
Coronary artery bypass graft
- CAD:
-
Coronary artery disease
- CES-D:
-
Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale
- CGI-S:
-
Clinical Global Impression Severity Scale
- CIS:
-
Clinical interview schedule
- CR:
-
Cardiac rehabilitation
- CRP:
-
C-reactive protein
- CVD:
-
Cardiovascular disease
- DASS 42:
-
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale
- ECG:
-
Electrocardiogram
- ECT:
-
Electroconvulsive therapy
- GDS:
-
Geriatric Depression Scale
- HADS:
-
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
- HAMD:
-
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale
- HDL:
-
High density lipoproteins
- HPA:
-
Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal
- HRQoL:
-
Health related quality of life
- HRV:
-
Heart rate variability
- HSCL-25:
-
Hopkins Symptoms Checklist 25
- IMT:
-
Inspiratory muscle training
- LDL:
-
Low density lipoproteins
- Lp a:
-
Lipoprotein a
- LV:
-
Left ventricular
- MHI:
-
Mental Health Inventory
- MI:
-
Myocardial infarction
- MLHFQ:
-
Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire
- MPV:
-
Mean platelet volume
- NHP:
-
Nottingham Health Profile
- NO:
-
Nitric oxide
- PAIS-SR:
-
Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale—Self Report Version
- PAR:
-
Population attributable risk
- PHQ:
-
Patient Health Questionnaire
- PWD:
-
P wave dispersion
- QTD:
-
QT dispersion
- SF-36:
-
Medical Outcomes Study—36-item Short Form Survey
- SSRI:
-
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
- TaaQol/TAAQOL:
-
aka TNO/AZL Adult Quality of Life
- TGs:
-
Triglycerides
- UAE:
-
United Arab Emirates
- VAS:
-
Visual Analogue Scale
- VMAT2:
-
Vesicular monoamine transporter
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This publication was made possible by a grant from Qatar National Research Fund under its National Priority Research Program (NPRP 5-106-3-025). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of Qatar National Research Fund.
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Donnelly, T.T., Al Suwaidi, J.M., Al-Qahtani, A. et al. Depression in Cardiovascular Patients in Middle Eastern Populations: A Literature Review. J Immigrant Minority Health 17, 1259–1276 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-014-0052-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-014-0052-5