Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Correlates of Sexual Risk for HIV Among US-Born and Foreign-Born Latino Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM): An Analysis from the Brothers y Hermanos Study

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Little research has been conducted to examine whether correlates of sexual risk vary by nativity among Latino men who have sex with men (MSM). We used cross sectional data collected from 870 Latino MSM recruited with respondent-driven sampling techniques. For each sub-sample (US-born and foreign-born), we assessed the association between each of the potential correlates (substance use, acculturation, social support, and social discrimination) and sexual risk behavior. Illicit drug use was associated with increased odds of sexual risk behavior in both US-born (OR = 2.17, 95 % CI 1.17–4.03) and foreign-born (OR = 1.86, 1.14–3.05) subgroups. Multivariate correlates specific to foreign-born men included binge drinking (OR = 1.91, 1.17–3.14), 15 years or longer spent in the US (OR = 1.79, 1.06–3.03) and exposure to social discrimination (OR = 2.02, 1.03–3.99). Given the diversity of Latino MSM, information from research that identifies both common and different HIV risk factors across subgroups of Latino MSM may help better tailor HIV prevention programs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2012. Diagnoses of HIV Infection and AIDS in the United States and Dependent Areas, 2010. HIV Surveillance Report, Volume 22. Accessed on July 5, 2013 at http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/surveillance/resources/reports/2010report/index.htm.

  2. Herbst JH, Stallworth JM, Mejia R, Bauermeister JA, Villarruel AM. HIV/AIDS in Hispanic and Latino Communities. In: Hall BJ, Hall JC, Cockerell CJ, editors. The AIDS epidemic: Treatment and epidemiology in the 21st century. Shelton: PMPH-USA; 2011. p. 679–708.

    Google Scholar 

  3. US Census Bureau. 2008. Hispanics in the United States. Access on July 5, 2013 at http://www.census.gov/population/hispanic/files/hispanic2006/Internet_Hispanic_in_US_2006.pdf.

  4. US Census Bureau. 2011. The foreign born from Latin America and Caribbean: 2010. Accessed on July 5, 2013 at http://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/acsbr10-15.pdf.

  5. Hussey JM, Hallfors DD, Waller MW, Iritani BJ, Halpern CT, Bauer DJ. Sexual behavior and drug use among Asian and Latino adolescents: association with immigrant status. J Immigrant Health. 2007;9:85–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Kopak AM. The relative importance of immigrant generation for Mexican Americans’ alcohol and tobacco use from adolescence to early adulthood. J Immigrant Minority Health. 2013;15:569–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Ojeda VD, Patterson T, Strathdee SA. The influence of perceived risk to health and immigration-related characteristics on substance use among Latino and other immigrants. Am J Public Health. 2008;98:862–8.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Balan IC, Carballo-Dieguez A, Ventuneac A, Remien RH. Intentional condomless anal intercourse among Latino MSM who meet sexual partners on the internet. AIDS Educ Prev. 2009;21:14–24.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Diaz RM, Morales ES, Bein E, Dilan E, Rodriquez RA. Predictors of sexual risk in Latino gay/bisexual men: the role of demographic, developmental, social cognitive, and behavioral variables. Hispanic J Behav Sci. 1999;21:480–501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Fernandez MI, Bowen GS, Warren JC, Ibanez GE, Hernandez N, Harper GW, Prado G. Crystal methamphetamine: a source of added sexual risk for Hispanic men who have sex with men? Drug Alcohol Depen. 2006;86:245–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Lo SC, Reisen CA, Poppen PJ, Bianchi FT, Zea MC. Cultural beliefs, partner characteristics, communication, and sexual risk among Latino MSM. AIDS Behav. 2011;15:613–20.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Poppen PJ, Reisen CA, Zea MC, Bianchi FT, Echeverry JJ. Predictors of unprotected anal intercourse among HIV-positive Latino gay and bisexual men. AIDS Behav. 2004;8:379–89.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Bedoya CA, Mimiaga MJ, Beauchamp G, Donnell D, Mayer KH, Safren SA. Predictors of HIV transmission risk behavior and seroconversion among Latino men who have sex with men in project EXPLORE. AIDS Behav. 2012;16:608–17.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Dolezal C, Carballo-Dieguez A, Nieves-Rosa L, Diaz C. Substance use and sexual risk behavior: understanding their association among four ethnic groups of Latino men who have sex with me. J Subst Abuse. 2000;11:323–36.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Bianchi FT, Reisen CA, Zea MC, Poppen PJ, Shedlin MG, Penha MM. The sexual experiences of Latino men who have sex with men who migrated to a gay epicenter in the USA. Cult Health Sex. 2007;9:505–18.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Reisen CA, Zea MC, Bianchi FT, Poppen PJ. Characteristics of Latino MSM who have sex in public settings. AIDS Care. 2011;23:456–9.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Ayala G, Bingham T, Kim J, Wheeler DP. Modeling the impact of social discrimination and financial hardship on the sexual risk of HIV among Latino and black men who have sex with men. Am J Public Health. 2012;Supplement 2(102):S242–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Rhodes SD, Hergenrather KC, Aronson RE, Bloom FR, Felizzola J, Wolfson M, Vissman AT, Alonzo J, Allen AB, Montano J, McGuire J. Latino Men who have sex with men and HIV in the rural south-eastern USA: findings from ethnographic in-depth interviews. Cult Health Sex. 2010;12:797–812.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Diaz RM, Ayala G, Bein E. Sexual risk as an outcome of social oppression: data from a probability sample of Latino gay men in three US cities. Cul Divers Ethn Min. 2004;10:255–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Jarama SL, Kennamer JD, Poppen PJ, Hendricks M, Bradford J. Psychosocial, behavioral, and cultural predictors of sexual risk for HIV infection among Latino men who have sex with men. AIDS Behav. 2005;9:513–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Mizuno Y, Borkowf C, Millett GA, Bingham T, Ayala G, Stueve A. Homophobia and racism experienced by Latino men who have sex with men in the United States: correlates of exposure and associations with HIV risk behaviors. AIDS Behav. 2012;16:724–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Lauby JL, Marks G, Bingham T, Liu KL, Liau A, Stueve A, Millett GA. Having supportive social relationships is associated with reduced risk of unrecognized HIV infection among black and Latino men who have sex with men. AIDS Behav. 2012;16:508–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Acevedo-Garcia D, Pan J, Jun H, Osypuk TL, Emmons KM. The effect of immigrant generation on smoking. Soc Sci Med. 2005;61:1223–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Rhodes SD, Hergenrather KC, Griffith DM, Yee LJ, Zometa CS, Montano J, Vissman AT. Sexual and alcohol risk behaviors of immigrant Latino men in the South-eastern USA. Cult Health Sex. 2009;11:16–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Heckathorn DD. Respondent-driven sampling II: deriving valid population estimates from chain-referral samples of hidden populations. Soc Probl. 2002;49:11–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Marks G, Millett GA, Bingham T, Bond L, Lauby J, Liau A, Murrill CS, Stueve A. Understanding differences in HIV sexual transmission among Latino and black men who have sex with men: the Brothers y Hermanos study. AIDS Behav. 2009;13:682–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Millett GA, Ding H, Lauby J, Flores S, Stueve A, Bingham T, Carballo-Dieguez A, Murrill C, Liu K-L, Wheeler D, Liau A, Marks G. Circumcision status and HIV infection among black and Latino men who have sex with men in 3 US cities. J Acq Immun Def Synd. 2007;46:643–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Wheeler DP, Lauby JF, Liu K-L, Van Sluytman LG, Murrill C. A comparative analysis of sexual risk characteristics of black men who have sex with men or with men and women. Arch Sex Behav. 2008;37:697–707.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Tieu H-V, Xu G, Bonner S, Spikes P, Egan JE, Goodman K, Stewart K, Koblin BA. Sexual partner characteristics, serodiscordant/serostatus unknown unprotected anal intercourse and disclosure among human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected black men who have sex with men in New York City. Sex Transm Dis. 2011;38:1–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Sherbourne CD, Stewart AL. The MOS social support survey. Soc Sci Med. 1991;32:705–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Lee CS, Lopez SR, Hernandez L, Colby SM, Caetano R, Borrelli B, Rohsenow D. A cultural adaptation of motivational interviewing to address heavy drinking among hispanics. Cult Divers Ethn Min. 2011;2011(17):317–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Ornelas IJ, Eng E, Perreira KM. Perceived barriers to opportunity and their relation to substance use among Latino immigrant men. J Behav Med. 2011;34:182–91.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Zea MC, Reisen CA, Poppen PJ, Bianchi FT. Unprotected anal intercourse among immigrant Latino MSM: the role of characteristics of the person and the sexual encounter. AIDS Behav. 2009;13:700–15.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV Prevention Research Synthesis Project. (2012) Accessed on July 5, 2013 at http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/research/prs/index.htm.

  35. White House Office of National AIDS Policy. National HIV/AIDS strategy for the United States. July 2010. Washington DC: The White House. Accessed on July 5, 2013 at www.whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/onap/nhas.

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was funded through a cooperative agreement from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The authors thank the entire Brothers y Hermanos research team, the study participants without whom this research would not have been possible, and the collaborating community-based partners and community advisory boards who contributed to the design and implementation of the study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, NE Mail Stop E37, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA

    Yuko Mizuno & Craig B. Borkowf

  2. The Global Forum on MSM and HIV, Oakland, CA, USA

    George Ayala

  3. New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA

    Alex Carballo-Diéguez

  4. Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    Alex Carballo-Diéguez

  5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington, DC, USA

    Gregorio A. Millett

Authors
  1. Yuko Mizuno
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Craig B. Borkowf
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. George Ayala
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Alex Carballo-Diéguez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Gregorio A. Millett
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yuko Mizuno.

Additional information

The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Mizuno, Y., Borkowf, C.B., Ayala, G. et al. Correlates of Sexual Risk for HIV Among US-Born and Foreign-Born Latino Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM): An Analysis from the Brothers y Hermanos Study. J Immigrant Minority Health 17, 47–55 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-013-9894-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-013-9894-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation