Skip to main content
Log in

The Presence of Smoking and Alcohol Imaginary in Popular Movies Available in Netflix Online Streaming Platform

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Community Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Exposure of tobacco and alcohol consumption in media and filmmaking has been related to promotion of smoking and drinking in adults. Current regulation aims to restrict tobacco and alcohol advertising in order to avoid alcohol consumption and smoking habits. We aimed to assess the impact of smoking and drinking habits in video-on-demand services. Three independent investigators watched the 50 most popular movies available in Netflix streaming platform, according to York Times and recorded incidence of smoking and drinking scenes for both primary and secondary actors. 45 movies were included in our analysis. Main characters appeared to smoke in 19 movies and to consume alcohol in 33 movies, while secondary characters in 32 movies with 121 scenes and consumed alcohol in 38 movies, respectively. First actors were males in 22 movies, females in 7 movies and both males and females in 6 movies. Movies’ directors were males in 29 movies and females in 6 movies. Our analysis found increased content of smoking and drinking scenes in online movies and showed that recently released movies presented with increased incidence of drinking and smoking scenes, while era depicted in movies also affects smoking and drinking content.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Chang, F. C., Miao, N. F., Lee, C. M., Chen, P. H., Chiu, C. H., & Lee, S. C. (2016). The association of media exposure and media literacy with adolescent alcohol and tobacco use. Journal of Health Psychology, 21(4), 513–525.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Hanewinkel, R., Sargent, J. D., Hunt, K., Sweeting, H., Engels, R. C., Scholte, R. H., et al. (2014). Portrayal of alcohol consumption in movies and drinking initiation in low-risk adolescents. Pediatrics, 133(6), 973–982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Morgenstern, M., Sargent, J. D., Engels, R., Scholte, R. H. J., Florek, E., Hunt, K., et al. (2013). Smoking in movies and adolescent smoking initiation: Longitudinal study in six European countries. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 44(4), 339–344.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Mejia, R., Perez, A., Abad-Vivero, E. N., Kollath-Cattano, C., Barrientos-Gutierrez, I., Thrasher, J. F., et al. (2016). Exposure to alcohol use in motion pictures and teen drinking in latin America. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 40(3), 631–637.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Barker, A. B., Smith, J., Hunter, A., Britton, J., & Murray, R. L. (2019). Quantifying tobacco and alcohol imagery in Netflix and Amazon Prime instant video original programming accessed from the UK: A content analysis. British Medical Journal Open, 9(2), e025807.

    Google Scholar 

  6. TV Licensing. Telescope report. (2017). https://www.tvlicensing.co.uk/ss

  7. European Commision. Protection of minors: audiovisual mediaservices directive. (2018). https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/protection-minors-avmsd.

  8. European Commision. The European audiovisual media servicedirective: protection of minors. (2018). https://ec.europa.eu/digitalsingle-market/en/protection-minors-avmsd.

  9. OFCOM. The OFCOM Broadcasting Code. (2017).

  10. Leonardi-Bee, J., Nderi, M., & Britton, J. (2016). Smoking in movies and smoking initiation in adolescents: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction, 111(10), 1750–1763.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Tanski, S. E., Stoolmiller, M., Dal Cin, S., Worth, K., Gibson, J., & Sargent, J. D. (2009). Movie character smoking and adolescent smoking: Who matters more, good guys or bad guys? Pediatrics, 124(1), 135–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Stern, S., & Morr, L. (2013). Portrayals of teen smoking, drinking, and drug use in recent popular movies. Journal of Health Communication, 18(2), 179–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Bergamini, E., Demidenko, E., & Sargent, J. D. (2013). Trends in tobacco and alcohol brand placements in popular US movies, 1996 through 2009. JAMA Pediatrics, 167(7), 634–639.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Rath, J. M., Bennett, M., Vallone, D., & Hair, E. C. (2020). Content analysis of tobacco in episodic programming popular among youth and young adults. Tobacco Control, 29(4), 475–479.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. British Medical Association (BMA) Board of Science. Forever cool: the influence of smoking imagery on young people. (2008). Retrieved February 27, 2013, from http://www.stir.ac.uk/media/schools/management/documents/Angus%20-%20Forever%20Cool%20the%20influence%20of%20smoking%20imagery.pdf

  16. The National Cancer Institute. The Role of the Media in Promoting and reducing Tobacco Use. Tobacco Control Monograph no. 19. (2008). Retrieved February 27, 2013, from. http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/brp/tcrb/monographs/19/m19_complete.pdf

  17. US Department of Health and Human Services. Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. (2012). Retrieved February 27, 2013, from http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/reports/preventing-youth-tobacco-use/full-report.pdf

  18. Mo, B. C. (2001). Perceived realism and role attractiveness in movie portrayals of alcohol drinking. American Journal of Health Behavior, 25(5), 433–446.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Dozier, D. M., Lauzen, M. M., Day, C. A., Payne, S. M., & Tafoya, M. R. (2005). Leaders and elites: Portrayals of smoking in popular films. Tobacco Control, 14(1), 7–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. McKay, A. J., Negi, N. S., Murukutla, N., Laverty, A. A., Puri, P., Uttekar, B. V., et al. (2020). Trends in tobacco, alcohol and branded fast-food imagery in Bollywood films, 1994–2013. PLoS ONE, 15(5), e0230050.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Pechmann, C., & Shih, C. (1999). Smoking scenes in movies and antismoking advertisements before movies: Effects on youth. J Market, 63, 1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Hanewinkel, R., Isensee, B., Sargent, J., & Morgenstern, M. (2010). Effect of an antismoking advertisement on cinema patrons’ perception of smoking and intention to smoke: A quasi-experimental study. Addiction, 105, 1269–1277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Wills, T. A., Sargent, J. D., Stoolmiller, M., Gibbons, F. X., Worth, K. A., & Dal Cin, S. (2007). Movie exposure to smoking cues and adolescent smoking onset: A test for mediation through peer affiliations. Health Psychology, 26(6), 769–776.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Strasburger, V. C., Jordan, A. B., & Donnerstein, E. (2012). Children, adolescents, and the media: Health effects. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 59(3), 533–587.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. de Leeuw, R. N., Blom, H., & Engels, R. C. (2014). Parental co-viewing and susceptibility for smoking and drinking in adolescents: An experimental pilot study. The American Journal on Addictions, 23(4), 349–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

None to declare.

Funding

The authors received no funding.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ilias Giannakodimos.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The author declares that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Giannakodimos, I., Lykouras, D., Lagiou, O. et al. The Presence of Smoking and Alcohol Imaginary in Popular Movies Available in Netflix Online Streaming Platform. J Community Health 47, 710–715 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-022-01101-8

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-022-01101-8

Keywords

Navigation