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Understanding the Co-occurrence of Gambling Disorder and Problematic Pornography Use: Exploring Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors

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Abstract

The co-occurrence between gambling disorder (GD) and problematic pornography use (PPU) has not yet been explored. Therefore, the present study compared (a) sociodemographic variables, (b) GD-related factors, (c) substance use, (d) psychopathology, (e) personality features, (f) impulsivity, and (g) emotion regulation between individuals with GD (GD group) and those with co-occurring GD and PPU (GD+PPU group). The sample consisted of 359 treatment-seeking individuals with GD: n = 332 individuals had GD only (GD group) and n = 37 individuals had GD and co-occurring PPU (GD+PPU group). GD severity, impulsivity, psychopathology, personality, emotion regulation, and other sociodemographic and clinical variables were assessed. No between-group differences in sociodemographic measures were observed. The GD+PPU group demonstrated greater GD severity and a higher likelihood of substance use compared to those without PPU. Furthermore, the presence of PPU was associated with worse psychopathology, higher impulsivity (except for lack of premeditation and positive urgency), more difficulties in emotion regulation (except for non-acceptance of emotions and limited access to emotions), and a personality profile characterized by lower levels of self-directedness and cooperativeness. The co-occurrence of GD and PPU seems associated with a more dysfunctional clinical profile.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

Dr. Potenza’s involvement was supported by the Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling. This work has been financed by the Research Project "Association between Gambling Disorder and Problematic Use of Adult Materials" with reference PP-2021-02 granted in the call for Proyectos Propios de Investigacion UNIR 2021 of the Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR). The present project has been founded by CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya guaranteed institutional support. The work was also supported by grants from the Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (2021I031, 2022I008847 and 2023I055), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PDI2021-124887OB-I00), Ministerio de Consumo (SUBV23/00009, SUBV23/00024) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (PI20/00132), and co-funded by FEDER funds/European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), a way to build Europe. CIBERObn is an initiative of ISCIII. Roser Granero was supported by The Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA Academia Program, 2021).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Investigación, Transferencia e Innovación, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Avenida de la Paz, 137, 26006, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain

    Gemma Mestre-Bach, Carlos Chiclana Actis & Giulia Testa

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Marc N. Potenza

  3. Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Marc N. Potenza

  4. Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA

    Marc N. Potenza

  5. Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA

    Marc N. Potenza

  6. Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA

    Marc N. Potenza

  7. Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA

    Marc N. Potenza

  8. Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain

    Roser Granero, Fernando Fernández-Aranda & Susana Jiménez-Murcia

  9. Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Roser Granero

  10. Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain

    Roser Granero, Fernando Fernández-Aranda & Susana Jiménez-Murcia

  11. Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain

    Juan Carlos Uríszar

  12. Sub-Directorate General for the Regulation of Gambling, Directorate General for Taxation and Gambling, Secretariat of Finance, Ministry of the Economy and Finance, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain

    Juan Carlos Uríszar

  13. Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain

    Ernesto Tarragón

  14. Unidad de Sexología Clínica y Salud Sexual, Consulta Dr. Carlos Chiclana, Madrid, Spain

    Carlos Chiclana Actis

  15. Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Fernando Fernández-Aranda & Susana Jiménez-Murcia

  16. Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL and CIBERObn, c/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

    Susana Jiménez-Murcia

Authors
  1. Gemma Mestre-Bach
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  2. Marc N. Potenza
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  3. Roser Granero
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  4. Juan Carlos Uríszar
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  5. Ernesto Tarragón
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  6. Carlos Chiclana Actis
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  7. Giulia Testa
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  8. Fernando Fernández-Aranda
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  9. Susana Jiménez-Murcia
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Contributions

GMB, RG, FFA, SJM: study concept and design; GMB, JCU, ET, CCA, GT: methodology; RG: statistical analysis; RG, SJM, GMB: interpretation of data; MNP, SJM, FFA: study supervision; GMB, MNP, RG: first draft of the manuscript; GMB, MNP, RG, JCU, ET, CCA, GT, FFA, SJM: revision of the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Gemma Mestre-Bach or Susana Jiménez-Murcia.

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Conflict of interest

Dr. Potenza discloses that he has consulted for and advised Game Day Data, Addiction Policy Forum, AXA, Idorsia, Baria-Tek, and Opiant Therapeutics; been involved in a patent application with Yale University and Novartis; received research support from the Mohegan Sun Casino, Children and Screens and the Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling; consulted for or advised legal and gambling entities on issues related to impulse control, internet use and addictive behaviors; provided clinical care related to impulse-control and addictive behaviors; performed grant reviews; edited journals/journal sections; given academic lectures in grand rounds, CME events, and other clinical/scientific venues; and generated books or chapters for publishers of mental health texts. Drs. Fernández-Aranda and Susana Jimenez-Murcia received consultancy/speaker honoraria from Novo Nordisk. The other authors have no conflicts of interest with respect to the content of this manuscript.

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Mestre-Bach, G., Potenza, M.N., Granero, R. et al. Understanding the Co-occurrence of Gambling Disorder and Problematic Pornography Use: Exploring Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors. J Gambl Stud 40, 1295–1314 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-023-10274-3

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