Abstract
This article presents the results of two studies that examine the occurrence of heuristic (i.e., intuitive and fast) and analytic (i.e., deliberate and slow) processes among people who engage in online sports betting on a regular basis. The first study was qualitative and was conducted with a convenience sample of 12 regular online sports gamblers who described the processes by which they arrive at a sports betting decision. The results of this study showed that betting online on sports events involves a mix of heuristic and analytic processes. The second study consisted in a survey of 161 online sports gamblers where performance in terms of monetary gains, experience in online sports betting, propensity to collect and analyze relevant information prior to betting, and use of bookmaker odds were measured. This study showed that heuristic and analytic processes act as mediators of the relationship between experience and performance. The findings stemming of these two studies give some insights into gamblers’ modes of thinking and behaviors in an online sports betting context and show the value of the dual mediation process model for research that looks at gambling activities from a judgment and decision making perspective.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alba, J. W., & Hutchinson, J. W. (1987). Dimensions of consumer expertise. Journal of Consumer Research, 13, 411–454.
Allcock, C. (1985). How to gamble in the eighties. In J. McMillen (Ed.), Proceedings of the inaugural conference of the national association for gambling studies (pp. 240–246). Retrieved from http://www.nags.org.au/pdf/Proceedings%2085.pdf.
Andersson, P., Edman, J., & Ekman, M. (2005). Predicting in the World Cup 2002 in soccer: Performance and confidence of experts and non-experts. International Journal of Forecasting, 21, 565–576.
ARJEL (Autorité de régulation des jeux en ligne). (2012). Statistics retrieved from www.arjel.fr/.
Ashman, T., Bowman, A. R., & Lambrinos, J. (2010). The role of fatigue in NBA wagering markets: The surprising home disadvantage situation. Journal of Sports Economics, 11, 602–613.
Boulier, B. L. K., & Stekler, H. O. (1999). Are sports seedings good predictors? An evaluation. International Journal of Forecasting, 15, 83–91.
Cantinotti, M., Ladouceur, R., & Jacques, C. (2004). Sports betting: Can gamblers beat randomness? Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 18, 143–147.
Carroll, J. S., & Johnson, E. J. (1990). Decision research: A field guide. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
Chantal, Y., & Vallerand, R. J. (1996). Skill versus luck: A motivational analysis of gambling involvement. Journal of Gambling Studies, 12, 407–418.
Daries, E., & Maufras, J. (2011). Gagner aux paris sportifs. Paris: Eyrolles.
Dijksterhuis, A., Bos, M. W., Nordgren, L. F., & van Baaren, R. (2006). On making the right choice: The deliberation-without-attention effect. Science, 311, 1005–1007.
Dillon, W. R., Madden, T. J., Kirmani, A., & Mukherjee, S. (2001). Understanding what’s in a brand rating: A model for assessing brand and attribute effects and their relationship to brand equity. Journal of Marketing Research, 38, 415–429.
Entine, O. A., & Small, D. S. (2008). The role of rest in the NBA home-court advantage. Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports, 4, 1–9.
Ericsson, K. A., & Charness, N. (1994). Expert performance: Its structure and acquisition. American Psychologist, 49, 725–747.
Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. T., & Tesch-Römer, C. (1993). The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological Review, 100, 363–406.
Evans, J. S. B. T. (2008). Dual-processing accounts of reasoning, judgment, and social cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 255–278.
Forrest, D., & Simmons, R. (2000). Forecasting sport: The behaviour and performance of football tipsters. International Journal of Forecasting, 16, 317–331.
Gigerenzer, G., & Gaissmaier, W. (2011). Heuristic decision making. Annual Review of Psychology, 62, 451–482.
Gilovich, T. (1983). Biaised evaluation and persistence in gambling. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 1110–1126.
Gilovich, T., & Griffin, D. (2010). Judgment and decision making. In S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (5th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 542–588). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Gilovich, T., Griffin, D., & Kahneman, D. (2002). Heuristics and biases: The psychology of intuitive judgment. Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Griffin, M., Babin, B. J., & Attaway, J. (1996). Anticipation of injurious consumption outcomes and its impact on consumer attributions of blame. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 24, 314–327.
Griffiths, M. D. (1994). The role of cognitive bias and skill in fruit machine gambling. British Journal of Psychology, 85, 351–369.
Henslin, J. M. (1967). Craps and magic. American Journal of Sociology, 73, 316–333.
Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking fast and slow. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Kahneman, D., & Frederick, S. (2002). Representativeness revisited: Attribute Substitution in intuitive judgment. In T. Gilovich, D. Griffin, & D. Kahneman (Eds.), Heuristics and biases: The psychology of intuitive judgment (pp. 49–81). Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Kahneman, D., Slovic, P., & Tversky, A. (1982). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Ladouceur, R., Giroux, I., & Jacques, C. (1998). Winning on the horses: How much strategy and knowledge are needed? Journal of Psychology, 132, 133–142.
Lesieur, H. R., & Rosenthal, R. J. (1991). Pathological gambling: A review of the literature. Journal of Gambling Studies, 7, 5–39.
MacKinnon, D. P. (2008). Introduction to statistical mediation analysis. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Newell, A., & Simon, H. A. (1972). Human problem solving. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Online Casino City. (2012). Statistics retrieved from http://online.casinocity.com/.
Paul, R. J., & Weinbach, A. P. (2002). Market efficiency and NCAA College basketball gambling. Journal of Economics and Finance, 29, 403–408.
Paul, R. J., Weinbach, A. P., & Weinbach, C. J. (2003). Fair bets and profitability in college football gambling. Journal of Economics and Finance, 27, 236–242.
Pavée, F. (2010). Paris sportifs en ligne: Mode d’emploi. France: RMC Sports.
Reyna, V. F. (2004). How people make decisions that involve risk. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 60–66.
Ricketts, T., & Macaskill, A. (2004). Differentiating normal and problem gambling: A grounded theory approach. Addiction Research and Theory, 12, 77–87.
Rosecrance, J. (1986). You can’t tell the players without a scorecard: A typology of horse players. Deviant Behavior, 7, 77–97.
Scott, D. (1982). The winning way to successful punting. Sydney: Puntwin.
Simon, H. A. (1956). Rational choice and the structure of the environment. Psychological Review, 63, 129–138.
Sloman, S. A. (1996). The empirical case for two systems of reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 3–22.
Sloman, S. A. (2002). Two systems of reasoning. In T. Gilovich, D. Griffin, & D. Kahneman (Eds.), Heuristics and biases: The psychology of intuitive judgment (pp. 379–396). Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Spence, M. T., & Brucks, M. (1997). The moderating effects of problem characteristics on experts’ and novices’ judgments. Journal of Marketing Research, 34, 233–247.
Stanovich, K. E. (1999). Who is rational? Studies of individual differences in reasoning. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.
Toulemonde, Q. (2011). Paris sportifs en ligne: Comprendre—jouer—gagner. France: Amphora.
Vergin, R. C., & Sosik, J. J. (1999). No place like home: An examination of the home field advantage in gambling strategies in NFL football. Journal of Economics and Business, 51, 21–31.
Wagenaar, W. (1988). Paradoxes of gambling behaviour. London: Erlbaum.
Williams, R. J., & Wood, R. T. (2007). Internet gambling: A comprehensive review and synthesis of the literature. Guelph: Report prepared for the Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre.
Ziemba, W. T., & Hausch, D. B. (1984). Beat the racetrack. San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace Jovanovitch.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
d’Astous, A., Di Gaspero, M. Heuristic and Analytic Processing in Online Sports Betting. J Gambl Stud 31, 455–470 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-013-9438-x
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-013-9438-x