Abstract
Purpose
Sexual violence (SV) and adolescent relationship abuse (ARA) are common in the U. S. and have strong associations with negative health and wellbeing outcomes. Manhood 2.0 is the first U.S. program designed for community settings to build bystander skills while also challenging harmful gender norms. A cluster-randomized trial comparing Manhood 2.0 to Job Skills, a job readiness training control condition, demonstrated that it is a promising strategy to prevent sexual violence and adolescent relationship abuse. Such community-based interventions may be particularly relevant in lower resource urban settings, and the costs of such prevention programs have not been considered previously.
Methods
The aim of the present study is to perform systematic and standardized cost calculations associated with implementing Manhood 2.0 among adolescent males. In addition, this study provides detailed cost information of the community-based intervention program, as well as costs associated with implementing the Job Skills control program. Program implementation data were recorded throughout the study period (2015–2019) by the Manhood 2.0 study team.
Results
The cost of implementing Manhood 2.0 is $4,771 per complete round of program delivery and $451 per participant, which is approximately the same cost as the control Job Skills program ($4,432 and $453 per participant). The marginal cost per additional round of Manhood 2.0 program is $3,682.
Conclusion
Implementation of a community-based program requires substantial resources and collaborations with community partners especially in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods. This study provides a snapshot of the cost information of a community-based intervention program from the implementing agency’s perspective, which is essential in helping decision-makers understand the costs they will incur by implementing prevention programs and ensuring program feasibility and sustainability.
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Funding
The Manhood 2.0 Trial was supported by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention cooperative agreement U01CE002528.
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Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Shichao Tang and Katie A. Ports: Conceptualization.
Shichao Tang: Formal analysis.
Elizabeth Miller: Investigation.
T. Even Paglisotti and Kelley A. Jones: Data Curation.
Shichao Tang: Writing - Original Draft.
Shichao Tang, T. Even Paglisotti, Katie A. Ports, Kaleab Z. Abebe, Kelley A. Jones, Ruti Levtov, Jane Kato-Wallace, and Elizabeth Miller: Writing - Review & Editing.
Elizabeth Miller: Funding acquisition.
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The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical Approval
The original Manhood 2.0 study was approved by the University of Pittsburgh IRB (Protocol 14080673; Clinical Trials NCT02427061).
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Tang, S., Paglisotti, T.E., Ports, K.A. et al. Cost Analysis of Community-Based Violence Prevention Programs: Manhood 2.0 and Job Skills Programs. J Fam Viol 39, 449–456 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-022-00481-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-022-00481-8