Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Factors Influencing Domestic and Marital Violence against Women in Ghana

  • GENDER ISSUES IN VIOLENCE AND TRAUMA
  • Published:
Journal of Family Violence Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Using the most recent version of the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey and employing complementary log-log models, this study examined the causes of both physical and sexual violence among married women in Ghana. Results indicate that wealth and employment status that capture feminist explanations of domestic violence were not significantly related to both physical and sexual violence. Education was however, related to physical violence among Ghanaian women. Women who thought wife beating was justified and those who reported higher levels of control by their husbands had higher odds of experiencing physical and sexual violence. Also, compared to those who had not, women who witnessed family violence in their lives were significantly more likely to have experienced physical and sexual violence.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. A practice in which a woman becomes the automatic wife of the brother of her late husband

  2. Where widows are subjected to several acts of cruelty including pouring pepper into their eyes and private parts, severe beating etc. all in the name of paying respects to the dead husband (see Amoakohene 2004; Ampofo 1993)

  3. Trokosi’ comes from two words, ‘Tro’ meaning God and ‘Kosi’ translated as virgin, slave or wife. The practice demands that women, in particular, young girls be given as slaves to priests of specific shrines to appease the gods or spirits of crimes perpetrated by some family members (see Amoah 2007).

  4. A technique that helps in the determination of an “ideal” cut-off value based on the trade-offs between sensitivity and specificity. In ideal situations the desired cut-off value produces the highest sensitivity and specificity.

References

  • Abama, E., & Kwaja, C. M. (2009). Violence against women in Nigeria: How the millennium development goals addresses the challenge. Journal of Pan African Studies, 3, 23–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amoah, J. (2007). The world on her shoulders: the rights of the girl-child in the context of culture and identity. Essex Human Rights Review, 4, 1–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amoakohene, M. I. (2004). Violence against women in Ghana: a look at women’s perceptions and review of policy and social responses. Social Science and Medicine, 59, 2373–2385.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ampofo, A. A. (1993). Controlling and punishing women: violence against Ghanaian women. Review of African Political Economy, 56, 102–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Babu, B. V., & Shantanu, K. J. (2009). Domestic violence against women in eastern India: a population-based study on prevalence and related issues. BMC Public Health, 9, 129–144.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bates, L. M., Schuler, S. R., Islam, F., & Islam, K. (2004). Socio-economic factors and processes associated with domestic violence in rural Bangladesh. International Family Planning Perspectives, 30, 190–199.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Becker, K. D., Stuewig, J., & McCloskey, L. A. (2010). Traumatic stress symptoms of women exposed to different forms childhood victimization and intimate partner violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25, 1699–1715.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Black, B. M., Weisz, A. N., & Bennett, L. W. (2010). Graduating social work students’ perspectives on domestic violence. Journal of Women and Social Work, 25, 173–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borwankar, R., Diallo, R., & Sommerfelt, A. E. (2008). Gender-based violence in sub-Saharan Africa: A review of Demographic and Health Survey findings and their use in National Planning. Washington: USAID/AFR/SD and Africa’s Health in 2010/AED.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowman, C. G. (2003a). Domestic violence: Does the African context demand a different approach? International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 26, 473–491.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bowman, C. G. (2003b). Theories of domestic violence in the African context. Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law, 11, 847–863.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braveman, P., & Barclay, C. (2009). Health disparities beginning in childhood: a life-course perspective. Pediatrics, 124, S163–S174.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brent, W., Blanc, A. K., & Gage, A. J. (2000). Who decides? Women’s status and negotiations of sex in Uganda. Culture, Health and Sexuality, 2, 303–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cantalupo, N., Martin, L. V., Pak, K., & Shin, S. (2006). Domestic violence in Ghana: the open secret. The Georgetown Journal of Gender and the Law, 2, 531–597.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coker-Appiah, D., & Cusack, K. (Eds.). (1999). Breaking the silence and challenging the myths of violence against women and children in Ghana: Report on a national study of violence. Accra: Gender Studies & Human Rights Documentation Centre.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dempsey, B., & Day, A. (2010). The identification of implicit in domestic violence perpetrators. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 55, 416–429.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dienye, P. O., & Gbeneol, P. K. (2009). Domestic violence against men in primary care in Nigeria. American Journal of Men’s Health, 3, 333–339.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Domestic Violence Act (2007). Act 732. Retrieved from http://www.parliament.gh/assets/file/Acts/Domestic%20Violence%20%20Act%20732.pdf.

  • Ferraro, K. J., & Johnson, J. M. (1983). How women experience battering: the process of victimization. Social Problems, 30, 325–339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flood, M., & Pease, B. (2009). Factors influencing attitudes to violence against women. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 10, 125–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghana News Agency (2005). Northern region records high incidence of violence against women.

  • Ghana Statistical Service. (2009). Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 2008. Accra, Ghana: GSS, GHS, and ICF Macro. Retrieved from http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FR221/FR221[13Aug2012].pdf

  • Ghanaweb. (2010). 109,784 cases of domestic violence recorded. Retrieved from http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=183316

  • Giles-Sims, J. (1985). A longitudinal study of battered children of battered wives. Family Relations, 34, 205–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo, G., & Zhao, H. (2000). Multilevel modeling for binary data. Annual Review of Sociology, 26, 441–462.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gyimah, S. O., Tenkorang, E. Y., Takyi, B. K., Adjei, J., & Fosu, G. (2010). Religion, HIV/AIDS and sexual risk-taking among men in Ghana. Journal of Biosocial science, 42, 531–547.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heilman, B. P. (2010). A life-course perspective of Intimate Partner Violence in India: What picture does the NFHS-3 paint? Master’s thesis). Retrieved from Tuffts University Digital Library http://hdl.handle.net/10427/57567

  • Holt, S., Buckley, H., & Whelan, S. (2008). The impact of exposure to domestic violence on children and young people: a review of the literature. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32, 797–810.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Humphreys, C. (2007). A health inequalities perspective on violence against women. Health and Social Care in the Community, 15, 120–127.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • International Center for Research on Women (2009). Intimate Partner Violence: High cost to households and communities. A publication of UNFPA. Retrieved from http://www.icrw.org/files/publications/Intimate-Partner-Violence-High-Cost-to-Households-and-Communities.pdf

  • Jejeebhoy, S. J. (1998). Wife-beating in rural India: a husband’s right? Evidence from survey data. Economic and Political Weekly, 33, 855–862.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jejeebhoy, S. J., & Bott, S. (2003). Non-consensual sexual experiences of young people: A review of the evidence from developing countries. Regional Working Papers, No. 13.Population Council, New Delhi, India.

  • Jewkes, R. (2002). Intimate partner violence: causes and prevention. Lancet, 359, 1423–1429.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, M. P., & Ferraro, K. J. (2000). Research on domestic violence in the 1990s: making distinctions. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 948–963.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R. C., & Magee, W. J. (1994). Childhood family violence and adult recurrent depression. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35, 13–27.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kimani, M. (2007). Taking on violence against women in Africa: international norms, local activism start to alter laws, attitudes. Africa Renewal, 21, 4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kishor, S., & Johnson, K. (2004). Profiling domestic violence - a multi country study. Calverton: ORC Macro.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kishor, S., & Johnson, K. (2006). Reproductive health and domestic violence: Are the poorest women uniquely disadvantaged? Demography, 43, 293–307.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kiss, L., Schraiber, L. B., Heise, L., Zimmerman, C., Gouveia, N., & Watts, C. (2012). Gender-based violence and socio-economic inequalities: Does living in more deprived neighborhoods increase women’s risk of intimate partner violence? Social Science & Medicine, 74, 1172–1179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kocacik, F., & Dogan, O. (2006). Domestic violence against women in Sivas, Turkey: survey study. Croatian Medical Journal, 47, 742–749.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koenig, M. A., Ahmed, S., Hossain, M. B., & Mozumder, K. A. (2003). Women’s Status and domestic violence in Bangladesh: individual and community-level effects. Demography, 40, 269–288.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kurz, D. (1997). Physical Assaults by male partners: A major social problem. In M. R. Walsh (Ed.), Women, men, & gender: Ongoing debates (pp. 222–246). New Haven: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCloskey, L. A., Williams, C., & Larsen, U. (2005). Gender inequality and intimate partner violence among women in Moshi, Tanzania. International Family Planning Perspectives, 31, 124–130.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mouton, C. P., Rodabough, R. J., Rovi, S. L. D., Brzyski, R. G., & Katerndahl, D. A. (2010). Psychosocial effects of physical and verbal abuse in postmenopausal women. Annual Family Medicine, 8, 206–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ofei-Aboagye, R. O. (1994). Altering the strands of the fabric: a preliminary look at domestic violence in Ghana. Feminism and the Law, 19, 924–938.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oladepo, O., Yusuf, O. B., & Arulogun, O. S. (2011). Factors influencing gender based violence among men and women in selected states in Nigeria. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 15, 78–86.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oyeridan, K. A., & Isiugo-Abanihe, U. C. (2005). Perceptions of Nigerian women on domestic violence: evidence from 2003 Nigeria demographic and health survey. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 9, 38–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Panda, P., & Agarwal, B. (2005). Marital violence, human development and women’s property status in India. World Development, 33, 823–850.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pandey, G. K., Dutt, D., & Banerjee, B. (2009). Partner and relationship factors in domestic violence: perspectives of women from a slum in Calcutta, India. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 24, 1175–1191.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pebley, A. R., Goldman, N., & Rodriguez, G. (1996). Prenatal and delivery care childhood immunization in Guatemala: Do family and community matter? Demography, 33, 231–247.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pruitt, L. R. (2008). Place matters: domestic violence and rural difference. Wisconsin Journal of Law, Gender & Society, 23, 345–416.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods. Newbury Park: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soler, H., Vinayak, P., & Quadagno, D. (2000). Biosocial aspects of domestic violence. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 25, 721–739.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solinas-Saunders, M. (2008). Male intimate partner abuse: Drawing upon three theoretical perspectives. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Pittsburgh, School of Arts and Sciences.

  • Streiner, D. L. (2002). Breaking up is hard to do: the heartbreak of dichotomizing continuous data. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 47, 262–266.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tenkorang, E. Y., & Owusu, G. (2010). Correlates of HIV/AIDS testing in Ghana: some evidence from the demographic and health surveys. AIDS Care, 22, 296–307.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Toufique, M. M. K. & Razzaque, M. A. (2007). Domestic violence against women: Its determinants and implications for gender resource allocation. (Research paper No. 2007/80). United Nations University: World Institute for Development Economics Research, UNU-WIDER.

  • UNICEF. (2000). Domestic violence against women and girls. Innocenti Digest, 6. Retrieved from http://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/digest6e.pdf

  • Williams, L. M. (2003). Understanding child abuse and violence against women: a life course perspective. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 18, 441–451.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilt, S., & Olson, S. (1996). Prevalence of domestic violence in the United States. JAMWA, 51, 77–82.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. (2001). Putting women first: Ethical and safety recommendations for research on domestic violence against women. Geneva: Department of Gender and Women’s Health, WHO.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eric Y. Tenkorang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Tenkorang, E.Y., Owusu, A.Y., Yeboah, E.H. et al. Factors Influencing Domestic and Marital Violence against Women in Ghana. J Fam Viol 28, 771–781 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-013-9543-8

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-013-9543-8

Keywords

Navigation