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Phenolic Profile and Thermal Stability of Monovarietal Extra Virgin Olive Oils Based on Synchronous Fluorescence Spectroscopy

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Abstract

The olive oil production in Pakistan has recently been started with the cultivation of exotic cultivars that are successfully adapted at Barani Agriculture Research center (BARI), Chakwal, Pakistan in Potohar valley. Therefore, characterization of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) from this agro-climatic region is mandatory in establishing its biochemical profile and thermal stability. Seventeen monovarietal EVOOs extracted from these cultivars were analysed using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) and subjected to heating at 115, 150 and 170 °C for 15 min to identify their thermal stability. SFS emission spectra differentiated EVOOs on the basis of phenolic compounds that are denatured at high temperature, further chlorophyll contents also decreased with increasing temperature. The strong emission at ca. 351 nm, suggested to be vanillic acid, 391–471 nm for blue green region (BGR) assigned to other phenolic compounds and two peaks at 672 and 723 nm for chlorophyll became the bases for grouping through Hierarchical clustering. Most of the EVOOs were stable at 150 °C but showed denatured spectra at 170 °C, the only EVOO extracted from Spanish cultivar Arbequina was found to have moderate fluorescence emission from both vanillic acid and BGR that are more likely to impart oxidative stability even after heating at 170 °C, also confirmed by lowest values of specific extinction co-efficient (K232 and K270). Moreover, variation in phenolic contents of Arbequina EVOO was observed with different harvesting stages and the early harvested olives produced more thermally stable oil as compared to late harvested olives. Arbequina oil grown in Pakistan can be better suited for cooking at high temperatures, moreover can be blended with other monovarietal EVOOs to enhance the nutritional benefits and thermal stability.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Lasers and Optronics (NILOP), Lehtrar Road, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Hina Ali, Babar Manzoor Atta, Rahat Ullah & Muhammad Bilal Khan

  2. Barani Agricultural research Institute (BARI), Chakwal, Pakistan

    Muhammad Azhar Iqbal

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  1. Hina Ali
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  2. Muhammad Azhar Iqbal
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  4. Rahat Ullah
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Supplementary Figure 1

Comparative normalized synchronous fluorescence emission spectra of unheated and heated Picholine EVOO at three different temperatures for 15 min (PNG 5803 kb)

High Resolution (TIF 120 kb)

Supplementary Figure 2

Comparative normalized synchronous fluorescence emission spectra of unheated and heated Gemlik EVOO at three different temperatures for 15 min (PNG 5803 kb)

High Resolution (TIF 120 kb)

Supplementary Figure 3

Comparative normalized synchronous fluorescence emission spectra of unheated and heated Nocellara EVOO at three different temperatures for 15 min showing denatured spectrum at 170 °C (PNG 5803 kb)

High Resolution (TIF 126 kb)

Supplementary Figure 4

Comparative normalized synchronous fluorescence emission spectra of unheated and heated Chemlali EVOO at three different temperatures for 15 min showing denatured spectrum at 170 °C (PNG 5803 kb)

High Resolution (TIF 120 kb)

Supplementary Figure 5

Comparative normalized synchronous fluorescence emission spectra of unheated and heated Manzanilla EVOO at three different temperatures for 15 min showing denatured spectrum at 170 °C (PNG 5803 kb)

High Resolution (TIF 124 kb)

Supplementary Figure 6

Comparative normalized synchronous fluorescence emission spectra of unheated and heated VP-(Correggiolo) EVOO (11) untreated and thermally treated at three different temperatures for 15 min (PNG 5803 kb)

High Resolution (TIF 128 kb)

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Ali, H., Iqbal, M.A., Atta, B.M. et al. Phenolic Profile and Thermal Stability of Monovarietal Extra Virgin Olive Oils Based on Synchronous Fluorescence Spectroscopy. J Fluoresc 30, 939–947 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-020-02538-7

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