Abstract
N-doped carbon dots (N-Cdots) were prepared via a solvothermal process in different solvents including water, acetone, and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The red-shifted photoluminescence (PL) peaks and prolonged lifetimes were observed in the three excitation-independent samples. Considering that the similar size distribution, these variations of PL properties were mainly attributed to surface states of Cdots. The crucial effect of acetone and DMF as aprotic solvents were proposed because they can not provided hydrogen during the whole reaction process like H2O, and thus the dehydration reaction was accelerated. Much more N elements were introduced into N-Cdots. Except for N-doping, similar reaction were conducted when N and S were introduced into Cdots at the same time. Similar PL behaviour of N,S-co-doped carbon dots (N,S-Cdots) further confirmed above assumption. This work provided a simple method to control the PL behaviour of Cdots, which will have a promising future in the application of bioimaging and other fields.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Luo PG, Sahu S, Yang ST, Sonkar SK, Wang JP, Wang HF, LeCroy GE, Cao L, Sun YP (2013) Carbon “quantum” dots for optical bioimaging. J Mater Chem B 1:2116–2127
Lim SY, Shen W, Gao ZQ (2015) Carbon quantum dots and their applications. Chem Soc Rev 44:362–381
Li HT, Kang ZH, Liu Y, Lee ST (2012) Carbon nanodots: synthesis, properties and applications. J Mater Chem 22:24230–24253
Baker SN, Baker GA (2010) Luminescent carbon nanodots: emergent nanolights. Angew Chem Int Ed 49:6726–6744
Li LL, Wu GH, Yang GH, Peng J, Zhao JW, Zhu JJ (2013) Focusing on luminescent graphene quantum dots: current status and future perspectives. Nanoscale. 10:4015–4039
Xu Q, Kuang TR, Liu Y (2016) Heteroatom-doped carbon dots: synthesis, characterization, properties, photoluminescence mechanism and biological applications. J Mater Chem B 4:7204–7219
Shamsipur M, Barati A, Karami S (2017) Long-wavelength, multicolor, and white-light emitting carbon-based dots: achievements made, challenges remaining, and applications. Carbon. 124:429–472
Yuan FL, Wang ZB, Li XH, Li YC, Tan ZA, Fan LZ, Yang SH (2016) Bright multicolor Bandgap fluorescent carbon quantum dots for electroluminescent light-emitting diodes. Adv Mater 29:1604436
Z F. Wang, F.L. Yuan, X.H. Li, Y.C. Li, H.Z. Zhong, L.Z. Fan, S.H. Yang, 53% Effcient Red Emissive Carbon Quantum Dots for High Color Rendering and Stable Warm White-Light Emitting Diodes, Adv Mater (2017) 1702910
Yang ST, Cao L, Luo PG, Lu FS, Wang X, Wang HF, Meziani MJ, Liu YF, Qi G (2009) Carbon dots for optical imaging in vivo. J Am Chem Soc 131:11308–11309
Ge JC, Jia QY, Liu WM, Guo L, Liu QY, Lan MH, Zhang HY, Meng XM, Wang PF (2015) Red-emissive carbon dots for fluorescent, Photoacoustic, and thermal Theranostics in living mice. Adv Mater 27:4169–4177
Qu D, Zheng M, Zhang LG, Zhao HF, Xie ZG, Jing XB, Haddad RE, Fan HY, Sun ZC (2014) Formation mechanism and optimization of highly luminescent N-doped graphene quantum dots. Sci Rep 4:05294
Miao X, Qu D, Yang DX, Nie B, Zhao YK, Fan HY, Sun ZC (2017) Synthesis of carbon dots with multiple color emission by controlled graphitization and surface functionalization. Adv Mater 1704740
Hu SL, Niu KY, Sun J, Yang J, Zhao NQ, Du XW (2009) One-step synthesis of fluorescent carbon nanoparticles by laser irradiation. J Mater Chem 19:484–488
Ding H, Wei JS, Zhang P, Zhou ZY, Gao QY, Xiong HM (2018) Solvent-controlled synthesis of highly luminescent carbon dots with a wide color gamut and narrowed emission peak widths. Small. 1800612
Lu SY, Cong RD, Zhu SJ, Zhao XH, Liu JJ, Tse JS, Meng S, Yang B (2016) pH-dependent synthesis of novel structure-controllable polymer carbon NanoDots with high acidophilic luminescence and super carbon dots assembly for white-light-emitting diodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8:4062–4068
Nurunnabi M, Khatun Z, Reeck GR, Lee DY, Lee Y (2013) Near infra-red photoluminescent graphene nanoparticles greatly expand their use in noninvasive biomedical imaging. Chem.Commun. 49:5079–5081
Tetsuka H, Asahi R, Nagoya A, Okamoto K, Tajima I, Ohta R, Okamoto A (2012) Optically tunable amino-functionalized Graphene quantum dots. Adv Mater 24:5333–5338
Wang TY, Chen CY, Wang CM, Tan YZ, Liao WS (2017) Multicolor functional carbon dots via one-step refluxing synthesis. ACS Sens 2:354–363
Z. Tian, X.T. Zhang, D. Li, D. Zhou, P.T. Jing, D.Z. Shen, S.N. Qu, R. Zboril, A. L. Rogach, Full-color inorganic carbon dot phosphors for white-light- emitting diodes, Adv Optical Mater (2017) 1700416
Wang H, Sun C, Chen XR, Zhang Y, Colvin VL, Rice Q, Seo J, Feng SY, Wang SN, Yu WW (2017) Excitation wavelength independent visible color emission of carbon dots. Nanoscale 9:1909–1915
Dong YQ, Pang HC, Bin Yang H, Guo CX, Shao JW, Chi YW, Li CM, Yu T (2013) Carbon-Based Dots Co-doped with Nitrogen and Sulfur for High Quantum Yield and Excitation-Independent Emission. Angew Chem Int Ed 52:1–6
Chen J, Wei JS, Zhang P, Niu XQ, Zhao W, Zhu ZY, Ding H, Xiong HM (2017) Red-emissive carbon dots for fingerprints detection by spray method: coffee ring effect and unquenched fluorescence in drying process. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9:18429–18433
Qu D, Sun ZC, Zheng M, Li J, Zhang YQ, Zhang GQ, Zhao HF, Liu XY, Xie ZG (2015) Three Colors Emission from S,N Co-doped Graphene Quantum Dots for Visible Light H2 Production and Bioimaging. Adv Opt Mater 3:360–367
Miao X, Yan XL, Qu D, Li DB, Tao FF, Sun ZC (2017) Red emissive sulfur, nitrogen Codoped carbon dots and their application in ion detection and Theraonostics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9:18549–18556
Khan S, Gupta A, Verma NC, Nandi CK (2015) Time-resolved emission reveals Ensemble of Emissive States as the origin of multicolor fluorescence in carbon dots. Nano Lett 15:8300–8305
Chen XX, Jin QQ, Wu LZ, Tung CH, Tang XJ (2014) Synthesis and unique photoluminescence properties of nitrogen-rich quantum dots and their applications. Angew Chem Int Ed 53:1–7
Lan MH, Di YF, Zhu XY, Ng TW, Xia J, Liu WM, Meng XM, Wang PF, Lee CS, Zhang WJ (2015) Carbon dot-based fluorescence turn-on sensor for hydrogen peroxide with a photo-induced electron transfer mechanism. Chem Comm 51:15574–15577
Wei JS, Ding H, Zhang P, Song YF, Chen J, Wang YG, Xiong HM (2016) Carbon dots/NiCo2O4 Nanocomposites with various morphologies for high performance Supercapacitors. Small. 43:5927–5934
Ding H, Yu SB, Wei JS, Xiong HM (2016) Full-color light-emitting carbon dots with a surface-state-controlled luminescence mechanism. ACS Nano 10:484–491
Qu D, Zheng M, Li J, Xie ZG, Sun ZC (2015) Tailoring color emissions from N-doped graphene quantum dots for bioimaging applications. Light: Science & Applications 4:e364
Lu SY, Sui LZ, Liu JJ, Zhu SJ, Chen AM, Jin MX, Yang B (2017) Near-infrared Photoluminescent polymer–carbon Nanodots with two-photon fluorescence. Adv Mater 29:1603443
Ding H, Wei JS, Zhong N, Gao QY, Xiong HM (2017) Highly efficient red-emitting carbon dots with gram-scale yield for bioimaging. Langmuir. 33:12635–12642
Ding H, Ji Y, Wei JS, Gao QY, Zhou ZY, Xiong HM (2017) Facile synthesis of red-emitting carbon dots from pulp-free lemon juice for bioimaging. J Mater Chem B 5:5272–5277
Acknowledgements
This work was supported in part by the projects from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51572109 and 51772130).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Song, T., Zhao, Y., Wang, T. et al. Carbon Dots Doped with N and S towards Controlling Emitting. J Fluoresc 30, 81–89 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-019-02472-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-019-02472-3