Abstract
Water soluble perylenediimide based fluorophore salt, N,N′-bis(ethelenetrimethyl ammoniumiodide)-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylicbisimide (PDI-1), has been used for selective fluorescence sensing of picric acid (PA) and 4-nitroaniline (4-NA) in organic as well as aqueous medium across wide pH range (1.0 to 10.0). PDI-1 showed strong fluorescence in dimethylformamide (DMF) (Φf = 0.26 (DMF) and moderate fluorescence in water. Addition of picric acid (PA) and 4-nitroaniline (4-NA) into PDI-1 in DMF/aqueous solution selectively quenches the fluorescence. The concentration dependent studies showed decrease of fluorescence linearly with increase of PA and 4-NA concentration. The interference studies demonstrate high selectivity for PA and 4-NA. Interestingly, PDI-1 showed selective fluorescence sensing of PA and 4-NA across wide pH range (1.0 to 10.0). Selective fluorescence sensing of PA and 4-NA has also been observed with trifluoroacetate (PDI-2), sulfate (PDI-3) salt of PDI-1 as well as octyl chain substituted PDI (PDI-4) without amine functionality. These studies suggest that PA and 4-NA might be having preferential interaction with PDI aromatic core and quenches the fluorescence. Thus PDI based dyes have been used for selective fluorescent sensing of explosive NACs for the first time to the best our knowledge.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
McDonagh C, Burke CS, MacCraith BD (2008) Chem Rev 108:400
Valeur B, Leray I (2000) Coord Chem Rev 205:3
Qian X, Xiao Y, Xu Y, Guo XF, Qian J, Zhu W (2010) Chem Commun 46:6418
Kobayashi H, Ogawa M, Alford R, Choyke PL, Urano Y (2010) Chem Rev 110:2620
Kim JS, Quang DT (2007) Chem Rev 107:3780
Nolan EM, Lippard SJ (2009) Acc Chem Res 42:193
Kim HN, Ren WX, Kim JS, Yoon J (2012) Chem Soc Rev 41:3210
Anthony SP (2012) Chem Asian J 7:374
Liu Z, Qi Y, Guo C, Zhao Y, Yang X, Pei M, Zhang G (2014) RSC Adv 4:56863
Hariharan PS, Anthony SP (2014) RSC Adv 4:41565
Dhanunjayarao K, Mukundam V, Venkatasubbaiah K (2014) J Mater Chem C 2:8599
Zhang S, Fan J, Zhang S, Wang J, Wang X, Du J, Peng X (2014) Chem Commun 50:14021
Wang Y, La A, Ding Y, Liu Y, Lei Y (2012) Adv Funct Mater 22:3547
Ju K-S, Parales RE (2010) Mol Biol Rev 74:250
Akhavan J (2011) The chemistry of explosives, 3rd edn. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge
Muthurajan H, Sivabalan R, Talawar MB, Asthana SN (2004) J Hazard Mater 112:17
Volwiler EH (1926) Ind Eng Chem 18:1336
Bhalla V, Arora H, Singh H, Kumar M (2013) Dalton Trans 42:969
Zhang S, Ding L, Lü F, Liu T, Fang Y (2012) Spectrochim Acta A 97:31
Wyman JF, Serve MP, Hobson DW, Lee LH, Uddin J (1992) Safety data sheet for picric acid, resource of National Institute of Health. Toxicol Environ Health Part A 37:313
Pimienta V, Etchenique R, Buhse T (2001) J Phys Chem A 105:10037
Shen J, Zhang J, Zuo Y, Wang L, Sun X, Li J, Han W, He R (2009) J Hazard Mater 163:1199
Shanmugaraju S, Joshi SA, Mukherjee PS (2011) J Mater Chem 21:9130
Albert KJ, Wal DR (2000) Anal Chem 72:1947
Rose A, Zhu ZG, Madigan CF, Swager TM, Bulovic V (2005) Nature 434:876
Monteil-Rivera F, Beaulieu C, Deschamps S, Paquet L, Hawari J (2004) J Chromatogr A 1048:213
Charles PT, Kusterbeck AW (1999) Biosens Bioelectron 14:387
Desmet C, Blum LJ, Marquette CA (2012) Anal Chem 84:10267
Xu Y, Li B, Li W, Zhao J, Sun S, Pang Y (2013) Chem Commun 49:4764
Meaney MS, McGuffin VL (2008) Anal Chim Acta 610:57
Bhalla V, Gupta A, Kumar M, Rao DSS, Prasad SK (2013) ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5:672
Peng Y, Zhang A-J, Dong M, Wang Y-W (2011) Chem Commun 47:4505
Madhu S, Bandela A, Ravikanth M (2014) RSC Adv 4:7120
Wurthner F (2004) Chem Commun, 1564
Huang C, Barlow S, Marder SR (2011) J Org Chem 76:2386
Ahrens MJ, Fuller MJ, Wasielewski MR (2003) Chem Mater 15:2684
Schmidt-Mende L, Fechtenkotter A, Mullen K, Moons E, Friend RH, MacKenzie JD (2001) Science 293:1119
Marcia M, Singh P, Hauke F, Maggini M, Hirsch A (2014) Org Biomol Chem 12:7045
He X, Liu H, Li Y, Wang S, Li Y, Wang N, Xiao J, Xu X, Zhu D (2005) Adv Mater 17:2811
Feng LH, Chen ZB (2007) Sens Actuators, B 122:600
Ruan Y-B, Li A-F, Zhao J-S, Shen J-S, Jiang Y-B (2010) Chem Commun 46:4938
Li J, Wu Y, Song F, Wei G, Cheng Y, Zhu C (2012) J Mater Chem 22:478
Wang B, Wang F, Jiao H, Yang X, Yu C (2010) Analyst 135:1986
Feng X, An Y, Yao Z, Li C, Shi G (2012) ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4:614
Ajayakumar MR, Mukhopadhyay P, Yadav S, Ghosh S (2010) Org Lett 12:2646
Singh P, Mittal LS, Vanita V, Kumar R, Bhargava G, Wali A, Kumar S (2014) Chem Commun 50:13994
Deligeorgiev T, Zaneva D, Petkov I (1994) Dyes Pigments 24:75
Acknowledgments
Financial support from the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India (DST Fast Track scheme no. SR/FT/CS-03/2011(G), SB/FT/CS-182/2011) is acknowledged with gratitude. We thank CRF, SASTRA University for UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The authors gratefully acknowledge the modern lab facility by Karunya University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Electronic Supplementary Material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
ESM 1
(DOCX 2005 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hariharan, P.S., Pitchaimani, J., Madhu, V. et al. Perylene Diimide Based Fluorescent Dyes for Selective Sensing of Nitroaromatic Compounds: Selective Sensing in Aqueous Medium Across Wide pH Range. J Fluoresc 26, 395–401 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-015-1725-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-015-1725-8