Abstract
Two novel and neutral benzimidazole derivatives-based anion receptors bearing a 1,10-phenanthroline fluorophore, N,N′-di-(2′-benzimidazolyl-methylene)-1, 10-phenanthroline-2,9-diamide (1) and N,N′-di-[2′-(benzimidazolyl-2′-) ethyl-]-1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-diamide (2), which exhibited turn-on and turn-off fluorescence responses to various anions, were rationally designed and synthesized and their fluorescent response toward anions was investigated in DMSO solution. In the process of anions binding, there were two different fluorescent responses in presence of anions: a quenching of the fluorescence emission for F- and AcO- and an enhancement of the fluorescence emission for Cl−, Br− and I−. Two different luminescent mechanisms of the receptors 1 and 2 resulting from various anions were exploited to rationalize quenching and enhancement of the fluorescence emission: a photo-induced electronic transfer mechanism (PET) and the increase of the rigidity of the host molecules, respectively. In particular, chloride could be recognized selectively from the anions tested according to changes of fluorescence spectrum.
References
Jiang X, Vieweger MC, Bollinger JC, Dragnea B, Lee D (2007) Reactivity-based fluoride detection: evolving design principles for spring-loaded turn-On fluorescent probes. Org Lett 9:3579–3582 doi:10.1021/ol7014187
Sathish S, Narayan G, Rao N, Janardhana C (2007) A self-organized ensemble of fluorescent 3-hydroxyflavone-Al (III) complex as sensor for fluoride and acetate ions. J Fluoresc 17:1–5 doi:10.1007/s10895-006-0137-1
Singh N, Jang DO (2007) Benzimidazole-based tripodal receptor: highly selective fluorescent chemosensor for iodide in aqueous solution. Org Lett 9:1991–1994
Shao J, Lin H, Shang XF, Chen HM, Lin HK (2007) A novel neutral receptor for selective recognition of H2PO4 -. J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem 59:371–375 doi:10.1007/s10847-007-9339-7
Shao J, Lin H, Lin HK (2008) A simple and efficient colorimetric anion receptor for H2PO4 -. Spectrochim. Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 70:682–685 doi:10.1016/j.saa.2007.08.018
Beer PD, Gale PA (2001) Anion recognition and sensing: the state of the art and future perspectives. Angew Chem Int Ed 40:486–516 doi:10.1002/1521-3773(20010202)40:3<486::AID-ANIE486>3.0.CO;2-P
Maeda H, Ito Y (2006) BF2 complex of fluorinated dipyrrolyldiketone: a new class of efficient receptor for acetate anions. Inorg Chem 45:8205–8210 doi:10.1021/ic0608703
Dos Santos CMG, McCabe T, Gunnlaugsson T (2007) Selective fluorescent sensing of chloride. Tetrahedron Lett 48:3135–3139 doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.03.061
Amendola V, Esteban-Gómez D, Fabbrizzi L, Licchelli M (2006) What anions so to N–H-containing receptors. Acc Chem Res 39:343–353 doi:10.1021/ar050195l
Martínez-Máñez R, Sancenón F (2003) Fluorogenic and chromogenic chemosensors and reagents for anions. Chem Rev 103:4419–4476 doi:10.1021/cr010421e
Gunnlaugsson T, Davis AP, O’Brien JE, Glynn M (2003) Fluorescent sensing of pyrophosphate and bis-carboxylates with charge neutral PET chemosensors. Org Lett 4:2449–2452 doi:10.1021/ol026004l
Beer PD (1998) Transition-metal receptor systems for the selective recognition and sensing of anionic guest species. Acc Chem Res 31:71–80 doi:10.1021/ar9601555
Xu ZC, Xiao Y, Qian XH, Cui JN, Cui DW (2005) Ratiometric and selective fluorescent sensor for Cu(II) based on internal charge transfer (ICT). Org Lett 7:889–892 doi:10.1021/ol0473445
Wu JS, Zhou JH, Wang PF, Zhang XH, Wu SK (2005) New fluorescent chemosensor based on exciplex signaling mechanism. Org Lett 7:2133–2136 doi:10.1021/ol0504648
Watanabe S, Onogawa O, Komatsu Y, Yoshida K (1998) Luminescent metalloreceptor with a neutral bis(Acylaminoimidazoline) binding site: optical sensing of anionic and neural phosphodiesters. J Am Chem Soc 120:229–230 doi:10.1021/ja973263a
Lin ZH, Zhao YG, Duan CY, Zhang BG, Bai ZP (2006) A highly selective chromo- and fluorogenic dual responding fluoride sensor: naked-eye detection of F– ion in natural water via a test paper. Dalton Trans 2006:3678–3684 doi:10.1039/b601282e
Shao J, Yu M, Lin H, Lin HK (2008) A novel fluorescent and colorimetric anion sensor based on thiourea derivative in competitive media. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. doi:10.1016/j.saa.2007.10.047
Lee DH, Im JH, Lee JH, Hong JI (2002) A new fluorescent fluoride chemosensor based on conformational restriction of a biaryl fluorophore. Tetrahedron Lett 43:9637–9640 doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(02)02443-7
Ghosh A, Ganguly B, Das A (2007) Urea-based ruthenium(II)-polypyridyl complex as an optical sensor for anions: synthesis, characterization, and binding studies. Inorg Chem 46:9912–9918 doi:10.1021/ic701447g
Shao J, Lin H, Yu M, Cai ZS, Lin HK (2008) Study on acetate ion recognition and sensing in aqueous media using a novel and simple colorimetric sensor and its analytical application. Talanta 75:551–555 doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2007.11.048
Fan Y, Zhu YM, Dai FR, Zhang LY, Chen ZN (2007) Photophysical and anion sensing properties of platinum(II) terpyridyl complexes with phenolic ethynyl ligands. Dalton Trans 2007:3885–3892 doi:10.1039/b707797a
Chen CL, Lin TP, Chen YS, Sun SS (2007) Probing receptor-anion interactions by ratiometric chemosensors containing pyrrolecarboxamide interacting sites. Eur J Org Chem 2007:3999–4010 doi:10.1002/ejoc.200700294
Kang J, Kim HS, Jang DO (2006) Fluorescent anion chemosensors using 2-aminobenzimidazole receptors. Tetrahedron Lett 46:6079–6082 doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.07.002
Moon KS, Singh N, Lee GW, Jang DO (2007) Colorimetric anion chemosensor based on 2-aminobenzimidazole: naked-eye detection of biologically important anions. Tetrahedron 63:9106–9111 doi:10.1016/j.tet.2007.06.091
Gabe Y, Urano Y, Kikuchi K, Kojima H, Nagano T (2004) Highly sensitive fluorescence probes for nitric oxide based on boron dipyrromethene chromophore-rational design of potentially useful bioimaging fluorescence probe. J Am Chem Soc 126:3357–3367 doi:10.1021/ja037944j
Bourson J, Pouget J, Valeur B (1993) Ion-responsive fluorescent compounds. 4. Effect of cation binding on the photophysical properties of a coumarin linked to monoaza- and diaza-crown ethers. J Phys Chem 97:4552–4556 doi:10.1021/j100119a050
Korendovych IV, Cho M, Butler PL, Staples RJ, Rybak-Akimova EV (2006) Anion binding to monotopic and ditopic macrocyclic amides. Org Lett 8:3171–3174 doi:10.1021/ol060786r
Bonizzoni M, Fabbrizzi L, Taglietti A, Tiengo F (2006) (Benzylideneamino)thioureas—chromogenic interactions with anions and N–H deprotonation. Eur J Org Chem 2006:3567–3574 doi:10.1002/ejoc.200600388
Han F, Bao YH, Yang ZG, Fyles TM, Zhao JZ, Peng XJ et al (2007) Chem Eur J 13:880–2892
Acknowledgement
This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO.20371028, NO.20671052).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
ESM 1
(DOC 2.79 MB)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shao, J., Qiao, Y., Lin, H. et al. Rational Design of Novel Benzimidazole-Based Sensor Molecules that Display Positive and Negative Fluorescence Responses to Anions. J Fluoresc 19, 183–188 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-008-0400-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-008-0400-8