Structural Changes in Lymphocytes Membrane of Chernobyl Clean-up Workers from Latvia

Abstract

ABM (3-aminobenzanthrrone derivative) developed at the Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia) has been previously shown as a potential probe for determination of the immune state of patients with different pathologies .The fist study (using probe ABM) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) membranes of 97 Chernobyl clean-up workers from Latvia was conducted in 1997. Now we repeatedly examine the same (n = 54) individuals in dynamics. ABM spectral parameters in PBMC suspension, fluorescence anisotropy and blood plasma albumin characteristics were recorded. In 1997 screening showed 5 different patterns of fluorescence spectra, from which in 2007 we obtained only two. These patterns of spectra had never been previously seen in healthy individuals or patients with tuberculosis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc., examined by us. Patterns of ABM fluorescence spectra are associated with membrane anisotropy and conformational changes of blood plasma albumin. We observed that in dynamics 1997–2007 the lipid compartment of the membrane became more fluid while the lipid-protein interface became more rigid. The use of probe ANS and albumin auto-fluorescence allowed show conformational alterations in Chernobyl clean-up workers blood plasma. It is necessary to note that all investigated parameters significantly differ in observed groups of patients. These findings reinforce our understanding that that the cell membrane is a significant biological target of radiation. The role of the membrane in the expression and course of cell damage after radiation exposure must be considered. So ten years dynamic of PBMC membrane characteristics by ABM (spectral shift and anisotropy indexes) in Chernobyl clean-up workers reveal progressive trend toward certain resemblance with those of chronic B-cell lymphoid leukemia.