A thermodynamic analysis of irreversible systems of reverse osmosis has been carried out. The relationship between the efficiency indicators of the process and the kinetics of mass transfer is analyzed, and an estimate of the limiting capabilities of such a system is found. The conditions of the minimum irreversibility of the process at a given performance are obtained. The thermodynamic possibilities of diffusion machines, in particular, machines that generate energy by mixing fresh and salt water, are considered.
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Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 96, No. 3, pp. 557–569, May–June, 2023.
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Tsirlin, A.M. Thermodynamic Analysis of Irreversible Processes of the Reverse Osmosis and Diffusion Machines. J Eng Phys Thermophy 96, 555–567 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10891-023-02717-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10891-023-02717-w