Abstract
The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, is a significant pest that damages a variety of fruit crops. The effectiveness of chemical pesticides against such pests is limited, raising concerns about pesticide residues and resistance. Proteins naturally attract B. dorsalis and have led to the development of a management strategy known as protein bait attractant technology (BAT). Although the attraction of protein sources to B. dorsalis is well-documented, the biologically active components within these sources are not fully understood. This study employed analytical chemistry, behavioral tests, and electrophysiological techniques to investigate the behaviorally active components of beer yeast protein powder (BYPD), aiming to provide a basis for improving and developing protein baits. An olfactory trap assay confirmed the attractiveness of BYPD, and five components with high abundance were identified from its headspace volatiles using GC–MS. These components included ethanol, isoamyl alcohol, ethyl decanoate, benzaldehyde, and phenylethyl alcohol. Mixtures of these five components demonstrated significant attraction to B. dorsalis adults, with benzaldehyde identified as a potential key component. The attractiveness of benzaldehyde required a relatively large dose, and it was most attractive to adults that had been starved from dusk until the following morning. Attraction of adult flies to benzaldehyde appeared mainly mediated by inputs from olfactory receptors. While EAG data supports that ionotropic receptors could influence the detection of benzaldehyde in female adults, they did not affect female behavior towards benzaldehyde. These findings indicate that benzaldehyde is an important behaviorally active component in BYPD and offer insights for developing novel protein lures to control B. dorsalis in an environmentally friendly manner.
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Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author [Wei Liu], upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (Grant No. KQTD20180411143628272) and special funds for science technology innovation and industrial development of Shenzhen Dapeng New District (Grant No. PT202101-02).
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Wei Liu, Guirong Wang proivde the conceptual of the project Zhicai Luo and Yan Zhang performed the experiment. Panpan Zhang, Leyuan Liu, and Jinxi Yuan provide helps to analysis the data. Zhicai Luo, Wei Liu wrote the main manuscript. Wei Liu, Shanchun Yan, Guirong Wang reviewed the manuscript.
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Luo, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhang, P. et al. Benzaldehyde acts as a behaviorally active component in brewer’s yeast protein powder which attracts B. dorsalis through olfaction. J Chem Ecol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-024-01500-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-024-01500-2