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Herbivore-Dependent Induced Volatiles in Pear Plants Cause Differential Attractive Response by Lacewing Larvae

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Abstract

Biological control may benefit from the behavioral manipulation of natural enemies using volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Among these, herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) provide potential tools for attracting or retaining predators and parasitoids of insect pests. This work aimed to characterize the VOCs emitted by pear plants in response to attack by Cacopsylla bidens (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), a major pest in pear orchards, to compare these with VOCs induced by a leaf chewing insect, Argyrotaenia sphaleropa (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and to evaluate the behavioral response of Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) to HIPVs from pear plants damaged by either herbivore. The results demonstrated that plants damaged by the pear psylla emitted VOC blends with increased amounts of aliphatic aldehydes. Leafroller damage resulted in increased amounts of benzeneacetonitrile, (E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene, β-ocimene and caryophyllene. In olfactometer bioassays, larvae of C. externa were attracted to herbivore-damaged plants when contrasted with undamaged plants. When plant odors from psylla-damaged were contrasted with those of leafroller-damaged plants, C.externa preferred the former, also showing shorter response lag-times and higher response rates when psylla-damaged plants were present. Our results suggest that pear plants respond to herbivory by modifying their volatile profile, and that psylla-induced volatiles may be used as prey-specific chemical cues by chrysopid larvae. Our study is the first to report HIPVs in pear plants attacked by C. bidens, as well as the attraction of C. externa to psyllid-induced volatiles.

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Acknowledgements

The contribution of Carmen Rossini, Federico Rodrigo, Maria Eugenia Amorós, Hernan Groba, Anna Burgueño Paula Lagurara, Soledad Delgado and Evelin Pechi was particularly valued. The field and laboratory work of Mariana Silvera, Gaston Tejera, Gonzalo Vazquez, Jorge Secco, Jonathan Macchi and Peter Schlenzak was greatly appreciated. The involvement of Carolina Leoni, Diego Maeso and Roberto Zoppolo in all the stages of this work has been of great help in the development of this project.

Funding

This research was funded by Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Project FR_21 (INIA Uruguay).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Protección Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, INIA Las Brujas, Canelones, Uruguay

    D. Valle & V. Mujica

  2. Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay

    A. Gonzalez

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  1. D. Valle
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  2. V. Mujica
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  3. A. Gonzalez
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. D.V and V.M proceeded to collect the materials for the study. Statistical analyses were performed by D.V and chemical analysis were performed by A.G. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to D. Valle.

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Valle, D., Mujica, V. & Gonzalez, A. Herbivore-Dependent Induced Volatiles in Pear Plants Cause Differential Attractive Response by Lacewing Larvae. J Chem Ecol 49, 262–275 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-023-01403-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-023-01403-8

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