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Sex and Aggregation-Sex Pheromones of Cerambycid Beetles: Basic Science and Practical Applications

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Abstract

Research since 2004 has shown that the use of volatile attractants and pheromones is widespread in the large beetle family Cerambycidae, with pheromones now identified from more than 100 species, and likely pheromones for many more. The pheromones identified to date from species in the subfamilies Cerambycinae, Spondylidinae, and Lamiinae are all male-produced aggregation-sex pheromones that attract both sexes, whereas all known examples for species in the subfamilies Prioninae and Lepturinae are female-produced sex pheromones that attract only males. Here, we summarize the chemistry of the known pheromones, and the optimal methods for their collection, analysis, and synthesis. Attraction of cerambycids to host plant volatiles, interactions between their pheromones and host plant volatiles, and the implications of pheromone chemistry for invasion biology are discussed. We also describe optimized traps, lures, and operational parameters for practical applications of the pheromones in detection, sampling, and management of cerambycids.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful for the many students, technicians, postdoctoral and visiting scholars, and collaborators who contributed so extensively to much of the research described herein. We also appreciate helpful comments on the manuscript from reviewer Jon Sweeney. We thank the numerous funding sources which have supported our work on cerambycid semiochemistry over the past 12 years, including the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, the USDA CSREES National Research Initiative, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Western Regional Integrated Pest Management Fund, North Central Region Integrated Pest Management Center, and the Alphawood Foundation of Chicago. JGM also gratefully acknowledges ongoing funding from Hatch Act project CA-R*ENT-5181-H.

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  1. Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    Lawrence M. Hanks

  2. Departments of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA

    Jocelyn G. Millar

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Correspondence to Lawrence M. Hanks.

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Hanks, L.M., Millar, J.G. Sex and Aggregation-Sex Pheromones of Cerambycid Beetles: Basic Science and Practical Applications. J Chem Ecol 42, 631–654 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-016-0733-8

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