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Ethnic/Racial and Genetic Influences on Cerumen Odorant Profiles

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Abstract

This report describes the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with human cerumen (earwax) and the effects of ethnicity/race and variation on the ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C, member 11 gene (ABCC11). A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in ABCC11 affects the cerumen VOC profiles of individuals from African, Caucasian, and Asian descent. Employing gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) we have identified the nature and relative abundance of cerumen VOCs from 32 male donors. Our results show that cerumen contains a complex mixture of VOCs and that the amounts of these compounds vary across individuals as well as across ethnic/racial groups. In six of the seven compounds whose detected concentrations were found to be statistically different across groups, individuals of African descent (AfD) > Caucasian descent (CaD) > Asians descent (AsD). Our findings also reveal that ABCC11 genotype alone does not predict the type and relative levels of volatiles found in human cerumen, and suggest that other biochemical pathways must be involved. Examination of the composition and diversity of external auditory canal microbiota in a small subset of our subject population revealed that the ear microbiota may not be directly correlated with either ethnic group membership or ABCC11 genotype.

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Acknowlegments

The authors thank Jason Eades and Amanda Tyldsley for technical support. KAP acknowledges support from NIH-NIDCD Postdoctoral Training Grant 5T32DC0014. The genotyping was performed at the Monell Genotyping and DNA/RNA Analysis Core, which is supported, in part, by funding from the NIH-NIDCD Core Grant 1P30DC011735-01.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Katharine A. Prokop-Prigge, Corrine J. Mansfield, M. Rockwell Parker, Charles J. Wysocki & George Preti

  2. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Erica Thaler

  3. Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Elizabeth A. Grice & George Preti

  4. Department of Animal Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Charles J. Wysocki

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  1. Katharine A. Prokop-Prigge
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  2. Corrine J. Mansfield
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  3. M. Rockwell Parker
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  4. Erica Thaler
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  5. Elizabeth A. Grice
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  6. Charles J. Wysocki
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  7. George Preti
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Correspondence to Katharine A. Prokop-Prigge.

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Prokop-Prigge, K.A., Mansfield, C.J., Parker, M.R. et al. Ethnic/Racial and Genetic Influences on Cerumen Odorant Profiles. J Chem Ecol 41, 67–74 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-014-0533-y

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