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Glycerophospholipid Analysis of Eastern Red Bat (Lasiurus Borealis) Hair by Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Abstract

Pilosebaceous units found in the mammalian integument are composed of a hair follicle, the proximal portion of the hair shaft, a sebaceous gland, and the erector pili muscle. Pilosebaceous units release protective oils, or sebum, by holocrine secretion onto skin and hair through rupturing of sebocytes. Sebum is composed largely of polar and neutral lipids including glycerolipids, free fatty acids, sterols, wax esters, sterol esters, and squalene. In addition to these lipid classes, there is a small proportion of ionic/anionic glycerophospholipids (GPs). Composition of GPs on hair is rarely addressed despite their broad biological activities as signaling molecules and membrane stability. Furthermore, knowledge on GP composition in bats is lacking. Bat GP composition is important to document due to GP roles ranging from decreasing drag during migration to interaction with the integumentary microbiome. In this study, we analyzed GP molecular composition with liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and compared GP content to previous literature. A total of 152 GPs were detected. Broad GP classes identified include lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidic acid, and phosphatidylglycerol, with PC being the most abundant class. The acyl components were consistent with fatty acid methyl esters and triacylglyceride moieties found in Eastern red bat sebum. Glycerophospholipid proportions of the hair surface were different from a previous study on bat lung surfactants. This study determined the broad class and molecular species of bat sebum GPs that may be used in future ecological studies in vespertilionid bats.

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Acknowledgments

This project was funded by an Arkansas State Wildlife Grant, the National Speleological Society, and The Center for North American Bat Research and Conservation at Indiana State University. We thank the bat field crew at ASU (P. Moore, P. Jordan, T. Klotz, C. Gerdes) for sample collection, H. Southe for manuscript editing, and T. James for laboratory assistance. The lipid profile data were acquired at Kansas Lipidomics Research Center (KLRC). Instrument acquisition and method development at KLRC was supported by NSF grants MCB 0455318, MCB 0920663, and DBI 0521587, Kansas INBRE (National Institute of Health Grant P20 RR16475 from the INBRE program of the National Center for Research Resources), National Science Foundation EPSCoR grant EPS-0236913, Kansas Technology Enterprise Corporation, and Kansas State University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Program of Environmental Science, Arkansas State University, P.O. Box 847, State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72467, USA

    Evan L. Pannkuk

  2. Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Ave, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3B 2E9

    Liam P. Mcguire

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, P.O. Box 599, State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72467, USA

    David F. Gilmore & Thomas S. Risch

  4. Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, P.O. Box 639, State University, Jonesboro, AR, 72467, USA

    Brett J. Savary

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  1. Evan L. Pannkuk
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  2. Liam P. Mcguire
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  5. Thomas S. Risch
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Correspondence to Evan L. Pannkuk.

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Pannkuk, E.L., Mcguire, L.P., Gilmore, D.F. et al. Glycerophospholipid Analysis of Eastern Red Bat (Lasiurus Borealis) Hair by Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Chem Ecol 40, 227–235 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-014-0388-2

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