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Comparative Phloem Chemistry of Manchurian (Fraxinus mandshurica) and Two North American Ash Species (Fraxinus americana and Fraxinus pennsylvanica)

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Abstract

Recent studies have investigated interspecific variation in resistance of ash (Fraxinus spp.) to the exotic wood-boring beetle, emerald ash borer (EAB, Agrilus planipennis). Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica) is an Asian species that has coevolved with EAB. It experiences little EAB-induced mortality compared to North American ashes. Host phloem chemistry, both constitutive and induced, might partly explain this interspecific variation in resistance. We analyzed the constitutive phloem chemistry of three ash species: Manchurian ash and North American white (Fraxinus americana) and green (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) ash. Analysis of the crude phloem extracts revealed the presence of an array of phenolic compounds including hydroxycoumarins, a monolignol, lignans, phenylethanoids, and secoiridoids. Both qualitative and quantitative differences were observed among the three ash species. Hydroxycoumarins and the phenylethanoids, calceloariosides A and B, were present only in the phloem of Manchurian ash and might represent a mechanism of resistance against EAB.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks to Duan Wang for technical assistance. Use of the 400 MHz NMR spectrometer was permitted by the Ohio State University College of Pharmacy. We thank an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments. This work was supported in part by The Ohio Plant Biotechnology Consortium (Award No. 2005-025 to DAH, PB, and DFC), USDA Forest Service North Central Research Station (Award No. 03-JV-90 to DAH), USDA Northeastern Research Station (Research Joint Venture No. 05-JV-11242328-091 to DAH and PB), USDA ARS (Agreement No. 58-3607-4-175 to DAH), and by State and Federal funds appropriated to the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University.

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Eyles, A., Jones, W., Riedl, K. et al. Comparative Phloem Chemistry of Manchurian (Fraxinus mandshurica) and Two North American Ash Species (Fraxinus americana and Fraxinus pennsylvanica). J Chem Ecol 33, 1430–1448 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-007-9312-3

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