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Genetic Control of the Enantiomeric Composition of Ipsdienol in the Pine Engraver, Ips pini

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Abstract

The genetic nature of pheromone variation within species has rarely been studied, and never for male-produced long-range pheromones. Males from western North American populations of Ips pini produce predominantly (R)-(−)-ipsdienol, whereas those from eastern North American populations produce higher proportions of (S)-(+)-ipsdienol. From a population in the hybrid zone, we divergently selected lines for the opposing pheromonal types and then created F1, F2, and backcross lines. We formed additional F1, F2, and backcross lines, first by using populations with low (+)-ipsdienol enantiomeric ratios near to and distant from the hybrid zone, and then by using populations with high (+)-ipsdienol enantiomeric ratios near to and distant from the hybrid zone. Three types of analysis were employed: (1) line means analysis; (2) Mendelian analysis of assigned high and low (+)-ipsdienol enantiomeric ratio phenotypes when applicable; and (3) Castle–Wright estimation of the number of effective factors. Dominance at one autosomal locus explains much of the variation in ipsdienol blend between the divergently selected lines. Thus, as in all previously studied female long-range pheromone systems, a major genetic element is implicated. The populations with low (+)-ipsdienol enantiomeric ratios near and distant to the hybrid zone differ negligibly for this trait. We confirmed previous studies showing slightly higher ratios of (+)-ipsdienol at the hybrid zone than in a distant eastern population and reveal a genetic basis for this difference.

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Acknowledgments

We thank E. Begin of the Invermere Forest District and M.L. Reid of the University of Calgary for assistance in locating field sites in British Columbia and Alberta. A.I. Cognato provided beetles from California and Washington. We thank M.J. Bohne for assistance with aspects of the lab work.

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  1. Michael J. Domingue

    Present address: Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

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  1. Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA

    Michael J. Domingue & Stephen A. Teale

  2. Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 108 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA

    William T. Starmer

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Domingue, M.J., Starmer, W.T. & Teale, S.A. Genetic Control of the Enantiomeric Composition of Ipsdienol in the Pine Engraver, Ips pini . J Chem Ecol 32, 1005–1026 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-006-9042-y

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