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Influence of Autoclaved Fungal Materials on Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) Growth, Morphogenesis, and Secondary Metabolism

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Abstract

The influence of autoclaved fungal materials such as culture filtrate, freeze-dried mycelium (FDM), mycelium suspension, and spore suspension (SS) on the growth, morphogenesis, and carvone production of spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) plants was studied. Fungal materials were either applied as a drench or spray on the plants. Spearmint plants (cv. “294099”) drenched with SS (1 × 108 spores/ml) of Trichoderma reesei showed no significant differences in leaf numbers, root numbers, or shoot numbers compared with nontreated controls. However, significantly higher fresh weights and carvone levels were observed in plants drenched with T. reesei SS compared with the untreated controls. Fungal materials derived from Aspergillus sp., Fusarium graminearum, F. sporotrichoides, Penicillium sp., P. acculeatum, Rhizopus oryzae, and T. reesei were sprayed on spearmint foliage. F. graminearum, F. sporotrichoides, or R. oryzae elicited no enhanced growth, morphogenesis, or secondary metabolism responses. The best growth and morphogenesis responses were obtained employing Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., or T. reesei foliar sprays. For example, spearmint cv. “557807” plants sprayed with 100 mg/l FDM T. reesei isolate NRRL 11460 C30 stimulated higher fresh weights (75%), shoot numbers (39%), leaf numbers (57%), and root numbers (108%) compared with untreated plants. This effect was not dose-dependent because similar growth and morphogenesis responses were obtained by testing 10, 100, or 1000 mg/l FDM concentrations. Carvone levels in fungal-treated foliar-sprayed plants were comparable to nontreated controls. However, total carvone levels per plant were higher in fungal-treated plants because of their increased fresh weight.

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Acknowledgments

This study was partially funded by Biotechnology and Research Development Company, Peoria, IL. The authors wish to thank R. K. Holloway for technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Bradley University, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA

    Naseem I. Khan

  2. Fermentation Biotechnology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA

    Brent Tisserat

  3. New Crops and Processing Technology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA

    Mark Berhow & Steven F. Vaughn

Authors
  1. Naseem I. Khan
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  2. Brent Tisserat
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  3. Mark Berhow
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  4. Steven F. Vaughn
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Correspondence to Brent Tisserat.

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Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable.

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Khan, N.I., Tisserat, B., Berhow, M. et al. Influence of Autoclaved Fungal Materials on Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) Growth, Morphogenesis, and Secondary Metabolism. J Chem Ecol 31, 1579–1593 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-005-5799-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-005-5799-7

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