Abstract
Intraspecific variation in the composition of three cytotoxic secondary metabolites from the New Zealand marine sponge Mycale hentscheli collected at two sites in central New Zealand was quantified by 1H NMR techniques. A total of 275 sponges were analyzed bimonthly over 15 mo to compare intersite (∼100 km) and intrasite (∼100 m) spatial and temporal variations in the metabolites. Biological and physical characteristics of sponge size, morphology, depth, and temperature were recorded at each site. Metabolite concentrations were found to vary in space and time. Metabolite composition was site-specific; mycalamide A, pateamine, and peloruside A were present at Pelorus Sound, whereas pateamine was absent from sponges at Kapiti Island. Pateamine and peloruside A concentrations in sponges at Pelorus Sound varied seasonally; no such patterns were observed at Kapiti Island. Relationships of compound concentration with volume and depth were complex. High levels of peloruside A in Pelorus Sound sponges from between 8 and 10 m depth coincided with a density boundary layer and chlorophyll a maximum.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Pete Notman and Rob Keysers for field support under often trying conditions. Bruce Hartill, Mathew Smith, and Crispin Middleton and Michelle Wilkinson of NIWA Auckland contributed significantly to the taxonomic and morphometric analyses in this study. Many thanks to Drs. Vicky Webb and Alison MacDiarmid, NIWA Wellington, for discussion and comments, and Drs. Don Morrissey and Russell Cole for assistance with statistical interpretation. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for helping to improve our manuscript. This research was funded by Foundation for Science Research and Technology (FRST) research contracts CO1809 and COIX0207 with NIWA.
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Page, M., West, L., Northcote, P. et al. Spatial and Temporal Variability of Cytotoxic Metabolites in Populations of the New Zealand Sponge Mycale hentscheli. J Chem Ecol 31, 1161–1174 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-005-4254-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-005-4254-0