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Personality and Everyday Functioning in Older Adults With and Without HIV

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Abstract

In a cross-sectional multi-method study of older adults living with and without HIV (n = 202; 69.8% HIV seropositive), we tested associations between personality traits and everyday functioning, and whether these associations differed depending on HIV serostatus. We found that higher levels of conscientiousness and lower levels of neuroticism were associated with higher odds of being clinically independent (vs. dependent) in everyday functioning. These findings replicated across self- and clinician-reports and persisted above and beyond relevant covariates. We found no evidence of interactions between personality and HIV serostatus, suggesting that personality was equally important for everyday functioning regardless of HIV serostatus. Given the present findings and the knowledge that personality is dynamic and amenable to intervention, we discuss two different possible pathways for intervention meant to improve everyday functioning and quality of life among older adults with and without HIV: personality change and personalized medicine.

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Acknowledgements

The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, nor the United States Government. Aspects of this work were conducted when Dr. Woods was in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego. The authors are grateful for the considerable efforts of Marizela Verduzco for study coordination, Clint Cushman for data management, Dr. J. Hampton Atkinson and Jennifer Marquie Beck for participant recruitment, grant co-investigators Drs. Mark Bondi and Elizabeth Twamley, Drs. Scott Letendre and Sara Gianella Weibel for overseeing the neuromedical aspects of the parent project, and Donald R. Franklin, Stephanie Corkran, Jessica Beltran, and Javier Villalobos for data processing.

Funding

National Institutes of Health grants R01-MH073419 and P30-MH062512.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA

    Rodica Ioana Damian, Surizaday Serrano, Anastasia Matchanova & Steven Paul Woods

  2. Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA

    Erin E. Morgan

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  1. Rodica Ioana Damian
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  2. Surizaday Serrano
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  3. Anastasia Matchanova
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  4. Erin E. Morgan
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  5. Steven Paul Woods
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Contributions

RID conceptualized and wrote the paper and analyzed the data; SPW helped conceptualize the paper, collected the data, and edited the paper; EEM helped with data collection and edited the paper; SS and AM edited the paper and helped with the literature review.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rodica Ioana Damian.

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Conflict of interest

Rodica Ioana Damian, Surizaday Serrano, Anastasia Matchanova, Erin E. Morgan, and Steven Paul Woods declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Institutional Review Board of the University of California San Diego (protocol #130257, Title: “New approaches to enhancing prospective memory”).

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The rights of human participants in this study were protected, all provided informed consent to participate, and the present study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of California San Diego (protocol #130257, Title: “New approaches to enhancing prospective memory.”). No non-human animals were included in this study.

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Damian, R.I., Serrano, S., Matchanova, A. et al. Personality and Everyday Functioning in Older Adults With and Without HIV. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 29, 120–136 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-021-09783-3

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