Abstract
This study examined the association among healthy and maladaptive aspects of interpersonal dependency and the management of pain in physical therapy outpatients. Ninety-eight patients were administered the Relationship Profile Test, West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory, and Pain Catastrophizing Scale. Results indicated that Destructive Overdependence was positively associated with an increased number of office visits, pain interference in one’s daily life, pain severity, affective distress, and receiving positive partner responses. Dysfunctional Detachment was associated with affective distress, pain interference in one’s daily life, and rumination about pain. Healthy Dependency was only associated with receiving distracting responses from others. Believing that a spouse/partner is supportive and caring about one’s pain partially mediated the relationship between overdependency and pain interfering in one’s life. These results support the clinical utility of assessing interpersonal dependency for its relationship to managing one’s pain and health care utilization.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Catastrophizing is the cognitive and affective intensification of the pain experience, which includes rumination about the pain the sense that one is helplessly subjected to its control on one’s psychological experience.
References
Alschuler, K. N., Hoodin, F., Susan, L., Murphy, S. L., & Geisser, M. E. (2011). Ambulatory monitoring as a measure of disability in chronic low back pain populations. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 27, 707–715.
Asmundson, G., & Wright, K. (2004). Biopsychosocial approaches to pain. In T. Hadjistavropoulos & K. Craig (Eds.), Pain: Psychological perspectives (pp. 13–34). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Boothby, J. L., Thorn, B. E., Overduin, L. Y., & Ward, L. C. (2004). Catastrophizing and perceived partner responses to pain. Pain, 109, 500–506. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2004.02.030.
Bornstein, R. F. (1993). The dependent personality. New York: Guilford Press.
Bornstein, R. F. (1995a). Active dependency. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 183, 64–77.
Bornstein, R. F. (1995b). Interpersonal dependency and physical illness: The mediating roles of stress and social support. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 14, 225–243.
Bornstein, (1998a). Interpersonal dependency and physical illness: A meta-analytic review of retrospective and prospective studies. Journal of Research in Personality, 32, 480–497.
Bornstein, R. F. (1998b). Implicit and self-attributed dependency strivings: Differential relationships to laboratory and field measures of help seeking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 778–787.
Bornstein, R. F., Geiselman, K. J., Eisenhart, E. A., & Languirand, M. A. (2002). Construct validity of the relationship profile test: Links with attachment, identity, relatedness, and affect. Assessment, 9, 373–380.
Bornstein, R. F., & Huprich, S. K. (2006). Construct validity of the relationship profile test: Three-year retest reliability and links with core personality traits, object relations, and interpersonal problems. Journal of Personality Assessment, 86, 162–171.
Bornstein, R. F., Krukonis, A. B., Maning, K. A., Mastrsimone, C. C., & Rossner, S. C. (1993). Interpersonal dependency and health service utilization in a college student sample. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 12, 262–279.
Bornstein, R. F., & Languirand, M. A. (2003). Healthy dependency: Leaning on others without losing yourself. New York: Newmarket Press.
Bornstein, R. F., Languirand, M. A., Geiselman, K. J., Creighton, J. A., West, M. A., Gallagher, H. A., et al. (2003). Construct validity of the relationship profile test: A self-report measure of dependency-detachment. Journal of Personality Assessment, 80, 64–74.
Diener, R. G. (1967). Prediction of dependent behavior in specified situations from psychological tests. Psychological Reports, 20, 103–108.
Fisher, S., & Greenberg, R. P. (1977). Stomach symptoms and up-down metaphors and gradients. Psychosomatic Medicine, 39, 93–101.
Ganellen, R. J. (2007). Assessing normal and abnormal personality functioning: Strengths and weaknesses of self-report, observer, and performance-based methods. Journal of Personality Assessment, 89, 30–40.
Gauthier, N., Thibault, P., & Sullivan, M. J. L. (2011). Catastrophizers with chronic pain display more pain behaviour when in a relationship with a low catastrophizing spouse. Pain Research and Management, 16, 293–299.
Giardino, N. D., Jensen, Mark P., Turner, J., Ehde, D. M., & Cardenas, D. D. (2003). Social environment moderates the association between catastrophizing and pain among persons with a spinal cord injury. Pain, 106, 19–25.
Greenberg, R. P., & Bornstein, R. F. (1988a). The dependent personality: I. Risk for physical disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 2, 126–135.
Greenberg, R. P., & Bornstein, R. F. (1988b). The dependent personality: II. Risk for psychological disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 2, 136–143.
Huprich, S. K., Hsiao, W. C., Porcerelli, J. H., Bornstein, R. F., & Markova, T. (2010). Expanding the construct validity of the relationship profile test: Associations with physical health and anaclitic and introjective traits. Assessment, 17, 81–88.
Kerns, R. D., Turk, D. C., & Rudy, T. E. (1985). The West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (WHYMPI). Pain, 23, 345–356.
Novy, D. M., Nelson, D. V., Francis, D. J., & Turk, D. C. (1995). Perspectives of chronic pain: An evaluative comparison of restrictive and comprehensive models. Psychological Bulletin, 118, 238–247.
O’Neill, R. M., & Bornstein, R. F. (2001). The dependent patient in a psychiatric inpatient setting: Relationship of interpersonal dependency to consultation and medication frequencies. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57, 289–298.
O’Neill, R. M., & Bornstein, R. F. (2006). Interpersonal dependency as a predictor of satisfaction with inpatient hospital treatment. Individual Differences Research, 4, 129–137.
Oltmanns, T. F., & Turkheimer, E. (2006). Perceptions of self and others regarding pathological personality traits. In R. F. Krueger & J. Tackett (Eds.), Personality and psychopathology (pp. 71–111). New York: Guilford.
Poldrugo, F., & Forti, B. (1988). Personality disorders and alcoholism treatment outcome. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 21, 171–176.
Porcerelli, J., Bornstein, R. F., Markova, T., & Huprich, S. K. (2009). Physical health correlates of pathological and healthy dependency in urban women. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 197, 761–765.
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879–891.
Rusu, A. C., & Hasenbring, M. (2008). Multidimensional Pain Inventory derived classifications of chronic pain: evidence for maladaptive pain-related coping within the dysfunctional group. Pain, 134, 80–90.
Sroufe, L. A., Fox, N. E., & Pancake, V. R. (1983). Attachment and dependency in developmental perspective. Child Development, 54, 1615–1627.
Sullivan, M. J. L., Bishop, S., & Pivik, J. (1995). The pain catastrophizing scale: Development and validation. Psychological Assessment, 7, 524–532.
Sullivan, M. J. L., & D’Eon, J. (1990). Relationship between catastrophizing and depression in chronic pain patients. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 260–263.
Sullivan, M. J. L., Martel, M. O., Tripp, D. A., Savard, A., & Crombez, G. (2006). Catastrophic thinking and heightened perception of pain in others. Pain, 123, 37–44.
Sullivan, M. J. L., Thorn, B., Haythornthwaite, J. A., Keefe, F., Martin, M., Bradley, L. A., et al. (2001). Theoretical perspectives on the relation between catastrophizing and pain. Clinical Journal of Pain, 17, 52–64.
Sullivan, M. J. L., Tripp, D. A., Rodgers, W. M., & Stanish, W. (2000). Catastrophizing and pain perception in sport participants. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 12, 151–167.
Turk, D. C. (2001). Chronic pain: Models and treatment approaches (2001). International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Oxford: Elsevier Science Ltd.
Turk, D. C., & Flor, H. (1999). The biobehavioral perspective of pain. In R. J. Gatchl & D. C. Turk (Eds.), Psychosocial factors in pain: Clinical perspectives (pp. 18–34). New York: Guilford.
Turk, D. C., & Rudy, T. E. (1988). Toward an empirically derived taxonomy of chronic pain patients: Integration of psychological assessment data. Journal of Consulting Clinical Psychology, 56, 233–238.
World Health Organization. (1992). International classification of diseases (10th ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Huprich, S.K., Hoban, P., Boys, A. et al. Healthy and Maladaptive Dependency and Its Relationship to Pain Management and Perceptions in Physical Therapy Patients. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 20, 508–514 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-013-9372-1
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-013-9372-1