Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Examination of the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales in a Sample of Bariatric Surgery Candidates

  • Published:
Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The current study examined the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) scales (Tellegen et al., MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) scales: Development, validation, and interpretation. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2003) in a sample of 1,091 bariatric surgery candidates. The RC scales were developed to address concerns about limited discriminant validity of the Clinical scales. Internal consistency and external validity analyses were conducted to evaluate the RC scales in this setting. Results indicated that the RC scales are generally more internally consistent than the Clinical scales and display significantly better convergent and discriminant validity in predicting a variety of behavioral, psychological, and developmental variables relevant to preoperative bariatric psychological evaluations. Implications of the results and recommendations for future research with the RC scales in medical settings are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Butcher, J. N., Graham, J. R., Ben-Porath, Y. S., Tellegen, A., Dahlstrom, W. G., & Kaemmer, B. (2001). MMPI-2: Manual for administration and scoring (Rev. ed.). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butcher, J. N., Hamilton, C. K., Rouse, S. V., & Cumella, E. J. (2006). The deconstruction of the Hy scale of the MMPI-2: Failure of RC3 in measuring somatic symptom expression. Journal of Personality Assessment, 87, 186–192.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Christou, N. V., Sampalis, J. S., Liberman, M., Look, D., Auger, S., McLean, A. P. H., et al. (2004). Surgery decreases long-term mortality, morbidity, and health care use in morbidly obese patients. Annals of Surgery, 240, 416–424.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frisch, M. B. (1994). Manual and treatment guide for the Quality of Life Indicator. Minneapolis, MN: Pearson Assessments.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glinski, J., Wetzler, S., & Goodman, E. (2001). The psychology of gastric bypass surgery. Obesity Surgery, 11, 581–588.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guisado, J. A., Vaz, F. J., Lopez-Ibor, J. J., & Rubio, M. A. (2001). Eating behavior in morbidly obese patients undergoing gastric surgery: Differences between obese people with and without psychiatric disorders. Obesity Surgery, 11, 576–580.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hsu, L. K. G., Sullivan, S. P., & Benotti, P. N. (1997). Eating disturbances and outcome ofgastric bypass surgery: A pilot study. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 21, 385–390.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leon, G. R., Eckert, E. D., Teed, D. B., & Buchwald, H. (1979). Changes in body image and other psychological factors after intestinal bypass surgery for massive obesity. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2, 39–55.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maddi, S. R., Khoshaba, D. M., Persico, M., Bleecker, F., & VanArsdall, G. (1997). Psychological correlates of psychopathology in a national sample of the morbidly obese. Obesity Surgery, 7, 397–404.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maddi, S. R., Fox, S. R., Khoshaba, D. M., Harvey, R. H., Lu, J. L., & Persico, M. (2001). Reduction in psychopathology following bariatric surgery for morbid obesity. Obesity Surgery, 11, 680–685.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mokdad, A. H., Ford, E. S., Bowman, B. A., Dietz, W. H., Vinicor, F., Bales, V. S., et al. (2003). Prevalence of obesity, diabetes and obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. Journal of the American Medical Association, 289, 76–79.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Curtin, L. R., McDowell, M. A., Tabak, C. J., & Flegal, K. M. (2006). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999–2004. Journal of the American Medical Association, 295, 1549–1555.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pessina, A., Andreoli, M., & Vassallo, C. (2001). Adaptability and compliance of the obese patient to restrictive gastric surgery in the short term. Obesity Surgery, 11, 459–463.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sellbom, M., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (2005). Mapping the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) scales onto normal personality traits: Evidence of construct validity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 85, 179–187.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sellbom, M., Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Graham, J. R. (2006). Correlates of the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) scales in a college counseling setting. Journal of Personality Assessment, 86, 89–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sellbom, M., Ben-Porath, Y. S., Lilienfeld, S. O., Patrick, C. J., & Graham, J. R. (2005). Assessing psychopathic personality traits with the MMPI-2. Journal of Personality Assessment, 85, 334–343.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sellbom, M., Graham, J. R., & Schenk, P. (2006). Incremental validity of the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) scales in a private practice sample. Journal of Personality Assessment, 86, 196–205.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simms, L J., Casillas, A., Clark, L .A., Watson, D., & Doebbeling, B. I., (2005).Psychometric evaluation of the restructured clinical scales of the MMPI-2. Psychological Assessment, 17, 345–358.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sogg, S., & Mori, D. L. (2004). The Boston interview for gastric bypass: Determining the psychological suitability of surgical candidates. Obesity Surgery, 14, 370–380.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tellegen, A. (In Press). Manual for the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

  • Tellegen, A. (1985). Structures of mood and personality and their relevance to assessing anxiety, with an emphasis on self-report. In A. H. Tuma & J. D. Maser (Eds.), Anxiety and the anxiety disorders (pp. 681–706). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tellegen, A., Ben-Porath, Y. S., McNulty, J. L., Arbisi, P. A., Graham, J. R., & Kaemmer, B. (2003). MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) scales: Development, validation, and interpretation. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tellegen, A., Ben-Porath, Y. S., Sellbom, M., Arbisi, P. A., McNulty, J. L., & Graham, J. R. (2006). Further evidence on the validity of the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) scales: Addressing questions raised by Rogers et al. and Nichols. Journal of Personality Assessment, 87, 148–171.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Torgerson, J. S., & Sjostrom, L. (2004). Surgery for obesity: Psychosocial and medical outcomes. In C. G. Fairburn, & K. D. Brownell (Eds.), Eating disorders and obesity: A comprehensive handbook (2nd ed., pp. 568–572). New York: Guildford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsushima, W. T., Bridenstine, M. P., & Balfour, J. F. (2004). MMPI-2 scores in the outcome prediction of gastric bypass surgery. Obesity Surgery, 14, 528–532.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, A., & Liljequist, L. (2005). A comparison of the correlational structures and elevation patterns of the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) and Clinical scales. Assessment, 12, 290–294.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wampler, R. S., Lauer, J. B., & Lantz, J. B. (1980). Psychosocial effects of intestinal bypass surgery. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 27, 492–499.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waters, G. S., Pories, W. J., Swanson, M. S., Mellhein, H. D., Flickinger, E. G., & May, H. J. (1991). Long-term studies of mental health after the Greenville gastric bypass operation for morbid obesity. The American Journal of Surgery, 161, 154–158.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, D., & Tellegen, A. (1985). Toward a consensual structure of mood. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 219–235.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. Dustin B. Wygant

    Present address: Summit Psychological Associates, Inc., Akron, OH, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA

    Dustin B. Wygant & Yossef S. Ben-Porath

  2. St. Paul, MN, USA

    Lana I. Boutacoff

  3. Minneapolis VA Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Paul A. Arbisi

  4. St. Paul Surgeon’s Ltd., St. Paul, MN, USA

    Peter H. Kelly & William M. Rupp

Authors
  1. Dustin B. Wygant
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lana I. Boutacoff
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Paul A. Arbisi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yossef S. Ben-Porath
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Peter H. Kelly
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. William M. Rupp
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dustin B. Wygant.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wygant, D.B., Boutacoff, L.I., Arbisi, P.A. et al. Examination of the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales in a Sample of Bariatric Surgery Candidates. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 14, 197–205 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-007-9073-8

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-007-9073-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation