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Smartphone Motivated Highly Selective and Sensitive Colorimetric Detection of Hg2+ through Limonin Derived Silver Nanoparticles

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Abstract

Mercury (Hg2+) as environmental pollutant is a widespread concern due to its cytotoxic effect in humans and animals and needs to be monitored through cost effective methods based on naked-eye detection. Herein, in this study, we extracted and isolated the limonin (LMN) via a facile procedure and then employed it as capping agent for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (LMN-AgNPs) as a first report. LMN-AgNPs were characterized through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Zeta Potential Analyzer (ZPA) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. As-formed LMN-AgNPs were recognized as extremely selective and highly sensitive colorimetric sensor for Hg2+ with potential analytical application. The developed sensor showed an outstanding linear correlation with the concentration of Hg2+ in the range of 0.002 − 55 µM via a color change from deep yellow to transparent showing hypsochromic-hypochromic shift with the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) as low as 0.21 nM and 0.7 nM respectively. The sensor was further allied with smartphone for immediate and on-site quantification of Hg2+. The LOD and LOQ of 0.42 µM and 1.4 µM was true for smartphone based sensing in the range of 7.5–55 µM Hg2+. The detection of Hg2+ was not disrupted by the presence of other metals in either of mentioned cases. The practical applicability of the proposed Hg2+ sensor was tested using spectrophotometric and smartphone based approaches in human serum and urine as well as in tap water samples with acceptable ranges of recovery. As-developed sensor can work as a potential candidate for monitoring of Hg2+ pollution in diverse fields of studies.

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Acknowledgements

The authors cordially acknowledge the kind efforts by the Director, HEJ Institute of Chemistry, ICCBS, University of Karachi, Pakistan regarding the provision of all possible facilities and supports during this investigation. The authors are further grateful and highly thankful to Research Support Project Number, RSP# 2024R79, of King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia for provision of funding to financially support this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan

    Abdul Jabbar, Aziz Balouch, Kashif Hussain, Maria Khalid, Muhammad Hasnain, Salim Saifullah,  Sirajuddin & Muhammad Raza Shah

  2. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Ayman Nafady

  3. State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China

    Razium Ali Soomro

  4. Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar, KPK, 25130, Pakistan

    Salim Saifullah

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  1. Abdul Jabbar
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Contributions

AJ performed Synthesis, Investigation, Methodology, AB did Initial draft, Data curation. AN did Conceptualization, Funding. KH did Formal analysis, Resources. MK performed Formal analysis, Software. RAS did perform Visualization, Review. MH helped in Software, Characterization. SS did Validation. SU did Final Review, Correspondence. MRS did Supervision, Conceptualization, Correspondence.

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Correspondence to Razium Ali Soomro, Sirajuddin or Muhammad Raza Shah.

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Jabbar, A., Balouch, A., Nafady, A. et al. Smartphone Motivated Highly Selective and Sensitive Colorimetric Detection of Hg2+ through Limonin Derived Silver Nanoparticles. J Clust Sci (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-024-02637-6

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