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Lecithin Derived Nano-Propyl Gallate as Non-Toxic Anti-Inflammatory Agent: Synthesis, In-Vitro and In-Vivo Investigations

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Abstract

The current study describes the preparation of nano-formulation of propyl gallate (NPG vesicles) comprised of soya bean extracted soya-lecithin. The compound was evaluated for its in-vitro and in-vivo anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties in addition with acute toxicity analysis in Wistar rats. Nano-carrier preparation acquired the film hydration method, while the evaluation for size distribution was carried out through dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. FTIR spectroscopy was used to identify the interaction between active material with excipient. Whereas, morphological evaluation was carried out by using atomic force microscopy (AFM). UV-visible spectrophotometer was used to measure the efficacy for drug encapsulation. The synthesized nano-carriers of propyl gallate has particle size of 201 ± 2.5 nm, with spherical morphology. The PDI index of nano-formulation is; 0.192 ± 0.8 indicates uniform size distribution with zeta potential − 43.4 ± 1.7mV values representing their highly stable nature. The drug encapsulation efficiency of the NPG vesicles was found to be 52%. The nano-formulation reveals the in-vitro anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties and showed non-toxicity on normal human fibroblast cell line as compared to the parent compound propyl gallate. NPG vesicles showed prominent anti-inflammatory potential against carrageenan induced paw edema and found to be non-toxic in Wistar rats in acute toxicity studies for seven days. In conclusion, nano formulation NPG vesicles showed effective anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects both in-vitro and in-vivo and has the efficacy to become a potential modulator for targeted therapy.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

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Funding

We are thankful to the Higher Education Commission (HEC), Pakistan for the valuable support of this research project (Project No. 8263 NRPU 2017-18).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan

    Syeda Farah Shah, Sidrah Shams, Farwa Naqvi, Shaista Qayyum & Almas Jabeen

  2. H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan

    Tooba Jabri, Abdul Jabbar, Muhammad Raza Shah & Shaheen Faizi

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  1. Syeda Farah Shah
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Contributions

S. Farah Shah conducted experiments, collected and analysed the underlying data, provide statistical analysis, drafted the manuscript. S. Shams, F. Naqvi and S. Qayyum contributed in biological experiments, T. Jabri, A. Jabbar, synthesized, and characterized lipposomal nanoformulation of compound, M. R. Shah supervised synthesis of nanoformulation. S. Faizi provide compound and contributed in manuscript revision. A. Jabeen contributed to the concept and design of the current study, analysed the biological data and interpreted the results, supervised the biology experiments, responsible for fund support and manuscript revision. All authors read and approved the submitted version of this article.

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Correspondence to Almas Jabeen.

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Ethical Approval

The studies on cells from human blood were carried out after an approval from the independent ethics committee, ICCBS, UoK, No: ICCBS/IEC-008-BC-2015/Protocol/1.0. The blood of healthy human volunteers of 25–30 years’ age was used along with their informed consent. The animals (Wistar rats) used in this study were obtained from animal house facility, ICCBS, with prior approval of the study protocol from the ethical review committee of PCMD, ICCBS, University of Karachi (ASP # 2018-0023).

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Shah, S.F., Shams, S., Naqvi, F. et al. Lecithin Derived Nano-Propyl Gallate as Non-Toxic Anti-Inflammatory Agent: Synthesis, In-Vitro and In-Vivo Investigations. J Clust Sci (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-024-02635-8

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