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A Novel Approach for Efficient Water Oxidation and Supercapacitor Applications Based on Morphologically Transformed, Surface Rich Oxygen Vacancies of Co3o4 Nanostructures Co-Synthesized with Potato Starch Peel Extract

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Abstract

An emerging material, cobalt oxide (Co3O4) may be useful for a number of promising technological applications, including energy conversion and storage devices. Among the limiting factors of Co3O4 are its small surface area as well as its poor electrical conductivity. Our study describes the controllable synthesis of Co3O4 nanostructures using a renewable source in the form of potato peel extract, which is an abundant and inexpensive source of starch. Surface active features were observed along with significant changes in structure, crystal orientation, and surface chemical composition. As a result of detailed characterization of phase purity, shape orientation, crystal structure, and surface chemical composition, the as-synthesized Co3O4 nanostructures were fabricated as electrode materials and investigated for supercapacitors and oxygen evolution reactions (OER) applications. The optimized Co3O4 nanostructures comprising 10 mL of potato peel extract have demonstrated a highly improved pseudo-capacitance performance with a specific capacitance of 1453.13Fg− 1 and a specific energy density of 32.29 Wh/Kg at a current density of 1.25 Ag− 1 in 3.0 M KOH electrolytic solution. It was determined that the electrode materials have a cycling stability of 96–99% over 30,000 repeatable cycles with a columbic efficiency of 95–100%, which indicates the high practicality of the electrode materials. The OER performance of 10 mL of potato peel extract assisted Co3O4 nanostructures was also evaluated using 1.0 M KOH. An fabricated Co3O4 nanostructure derived from potato peel extract exhibited an overpotential of 260 mV at 10 mAcm− 2 and a Tafel slope of 72 mV dec− 1 in 1.0 M KOH. Furthermore, the constructed electrode material was extremely durable for a period of 30 h at two different constant-current densities of 20 mAcm− 2 and 40 mAcm− 2. Among the attributes that contribute to the superb performance of the newly developed Co3O4 electrode materials are the fascinating morphology, the reduced size, the enriched active surfaces, and the high degree of compatibility. Overall, the findings of this study establish that potato peel extract can serve as a valuable source of starch for the development of next-generation of electrode materials for efficient energy storage and conversion systems.

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Data Availability

Data sets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the Higher Education Commission Pakistan for partial support under the project NRPU/8350/8330. We also extend our sincere appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project Number (RSP2024R79) at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Brigitte Vigolo and Mélanie Emo would like to thank the platform “Microscopies, Microprobes and Metallography (3 M)” (Institut Jean Lamour, IJL, Nancy, France) for access to TEM and SEM facilities. Authors would also like to acknowledge partial funding of the Ajman University, Grants ID: DRG ref. 2023-IRG-HBS-2 (RESHUSC-001), RTG-2023-HBS-1 (Phase 1). This publication is part of the R&D project PID2021-126235OB-C32 funded by MCIN/AEI/https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033/ and FEDER funds.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgy and Materials, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, 7680, Sindh, Pakistan

    Abdul Jaleel Laghari, Umair Aftab, Muhammad Yameen Solangi & Muhammad Ishaque Abro

  2. Institute of Chemistry, Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur Mirs, Sindh, Pakistan

    Aneela Tahira

  3. Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Jamshoro, 76080, Sindh, Pakistan

    Muhammad Ali Bhatti

  4. Institute of Physics, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Jamshoro, 76080, Sindh, Pakistan

    Susheel Kumar

  5. Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Jamshoro, 76080, Sindh, Pakistan

    Ahmed Ali Hulio & Zafar Hussain Ibupoto

  6. Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IJL, Nancy, F-54000, France

    Melanie Emo & Brigitte Vigolo

  7. Faculty of Sciences, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Crystallography and Mineralogy, Unidad Asociada al ICP-CSIC, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos, Malaga, 29071, Spain

    Antonia Infantes-Molina

  8. College of Humanities and Sciences, department of Mathematics and Sciences, Ajman University, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

    Elmuez Dawi

  9. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Ayman Nafady

  10. Centre for Pure and Applied Geology, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Jamshoro, 76080, Sindh, Pakistan

    Ghulam Mustafa Thebo

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  1. Abdul Jaleel Laghari
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  2. Umair Aftab
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  15. Zafar Hussain Ibupoto
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Contributions

Abdul Jaleel Laghari; material synthesis and partial electrochemical tests. Umair Aftab; partial co-supervision. Aneela Tahira; XRD analysis and wrote the draft. Muhammad Yameen Solangi; partial electrochemical tests. Ahmed Ali Hulio; EIS analysis. Ghulam Mustafa Thebo, validated the results Muhammad Ishaque Abro; co-supervision. Muhammad Ali Bhatti; partial analysis of electrochemical results. Susheel Kumar; energy storage-related measurements. Elmuez Dawi; revision of the manuscript, electrochemical testing. Ayman Nafady; analysis of storage energy results. Antonia Infantes-Molina; XPS measurement and wrote the draft. Melanie Emo; TEM measurement and wrote the draft. Brigitte Vigolo; SEM and EDS measurement and wrote the draft. Zafar Hussain Ibupoto; the main supervisor, wrote the first draft of the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Muhammad Ishaque Abro or Zafar Hussain Ibupoto.

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Laghari, A.J., Aftab, U., Tahira, A. et al. A Novel Approach for Efficient Water Oxidation and Supercapacitor Applications Based on Morphologically Transformed, Surface Rich Oxygen Vacancies of Co3o4 Nanostructures Co-Synthesized with Potato Starch Peel Extract. J Clust Sci (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-024-02631-y

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