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Benzothiazole-Derived Covalent Organic Framework for Multimedia Iodine Uptake

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Abstract

Nuclear energy holds the chief portion of the global primary energy mix that comes with the major issue of releasing volatile nuclear wastes viz. radioiodine (129I and 131I) into air and water bodies during nuclear fuel reprocessing. The efficient capture of volatile radioiodine has attracted a major attention worldwide due to the severe health and environment effects. Among various porous materials, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are the intriguing class of porous organic materials with crystallinity, synthetically pre-designable functionalities to achieve tunable properties. Herein, a new benzothiazole based COF (COF-3) obtained by the condensation of 2,6-dimainobenzothiazole and 2,4,6-triformylpholoroglucinol is reported with tetragonal pore topology (pore volume = 0.305 cc g−1; BET surface area = 57.9 m2 g−1). The electron rich heteroatoms in the frameworks play a crucial role in adsorbing electron deficient iodine molecules and therefore, the benzothiazole-derived COF is envisioned to be potent material for efficient iodine adsorption. The synthesized COF showed the iodine adsorption capacity of 1.07 g g−1 in vapor phase and 109.0 mg g−1 from n-hexane solution. A reference COF (COF-4) with no thiazole group derived from 1,4-phenylenediamine and 2,4,6-triformylpholoroglucinol with hexagonal pore topology (pore volume = 0.937 cc g−1) and BET surface area 133.9 m2 g−1 showed adsorption of iodine from n-hexane solution with capacity 149.5 mg g−1. The study revealed that although the presence of heteroatoms in the framework facilitates the iodine adsorption by converting the molecular iodine into the polyiodides; the factors such as BET surface area, pore topology and pore volume also play a major role in the adsorption of iodine molecules.

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Data Availability

The data that supports the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgments

Ms. Ritika Jaryal is thankful to Ministry of Education for providing fellowship assistantship. Authors are thankful to Dr. Hitesh Sharma (PTU Jalandhar, India) for his help with Material Studio Suite for simulations and modeling.

Funding

RJ thanks Ministry of Education, Govt. of India for the research scholarship. Funds for this research were provided by Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar. No other external funding was available for this research work.

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  1. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144027, India

    Ritika Jaryal, Sadhika Khullar & Rakesh Kumar

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Contributions

SK and RK designed and conceptualized the research work. RJ carried out the experimental work and characterization of materials. All the authors compiled and finalized the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sadhika Khullar or Rakesh Kumar.

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Supplementary Information

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10876_2023_2495_MOESM1_ESM.docx

Supplementary material is available at the journal’s website. Supplementary Information contains the 1H-NMR spectra of the synthesized monomers (Figs. S1–S3), Schematic procedure for the synthesis of COF (Scheme S1), Elemental analysis of COF-3 and COF-4 (Table S1),13C CP-MAS solid-state NMR spectra of COFs (Figs. S4, S5), HR-TEM images of COFs (Fig. S6), TGA scans of COFs (Fig. S7), IR Spectra of COF-3 and COF-4 after acid (1N HCl) and base (1N NaOH) treatment (Figs. S8, S9), PXRD of COF-3 and COF-4 after acid (1N HCl) and base (1N NaOH) treatment (S10), XPS spectra of COFs (Fig. S11). Reported COFs for iodine adsorption in vapor and/or solution phase (Table S2), References. Supplementary file1 (DOCX 2365 KB)

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Jaryal, R., Khullar, S. & Kumar, R. Benzothiazole-Derived Covalent Organic Framework for Multimedia Iodine Uptake. J Clust Sci 35, 461–479 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-023-02495-8

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