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A Novel Sulfonated Poly Phenylene Oxide-Poly Vinylchloride/ZnO Cation-Exchange Membrane Applicable in Refining of Saline Liquids

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Abstract

Novel cation-exchange nanocomposite membranes was fabricated by in-situ formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles in a blend containing sulfonated polyvinylchloride and sulfonated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) by a simple chemical method. Also, some nanocomposite samples were prepared by incorporation of previously synthesized ZnO nanoparticles into the casting solution (ex-situ method). The prepared nanocomposite samples and nanoparticles were characterized by several techniques including water contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The water contact angle measurements confirmed the increased hydrophilicity of the nanocomposite membranes. The SEM surface microphotographs indicated that ZnO nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed throughout the polymeric matrix. The influence of additive concentration on electrochemical and physicochemical properties of prepared ion-exchange nanocomposite membranes was studied. Various investigations revealed that the in-situ preparation of ZnO nanoparticles in the membrane structure had a considerable effect on the membrane efficiency and could improve the transport properties.

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Abbreviations

A:

Membrane surface area (m2)

a:

Milli-equivalent of ion-exchange groups in membrane (meq)

a1, a2 :

Ions electrolytic activities

C.E:

Current efficiency

Cmean :

Mean concentration of electrolytes (M)

d:

Membrane thickness (m)

Em :

Membrane potential (mV)

F:

Faraday constant

FT-IR:

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

I:

Current intensity (A)

IEC:

Ion-exchange capacity

IEMS:

Ion-exchange membranes

n, Zi :

Electrovalence of ion

Ps :

Membrane ionic permselectivity

R:

Universal gases constant (J mol−1 K−1)

r:

Specific electrical resistance (Ω cm2)

R1 and R2 :

Electrical resistance (Ω)

Rm :

Membrane resistance (Ω)

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

SPPO:

Sulfonated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)

SPVC:

Sulfonated polyvinylchloride

T:

Temperature (K)

t:

Time (min)

THF:

Tetrahydrofuran

t mi ; t0 :

Transport number of counter ions in membrane phase; in solution

Y:

Concentration of fixed charge on the membrane surface

Δn:

Number of transported moles through membrane

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Laboratory of Functional Membranes (University of Science and Technology of China) for providing SPPO.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak 38156-8-8349, Iran

    Farhad Heidary & Ali Reza Khodabakhshi

  2. Young Researchers and Elite Club, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran

    Davood Ghanbari

Authors
  1. Farhad Heidary
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  2. Ali Reza Khodabakhshi
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  3. Davood Ghanbari
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Correspondence to Farhad Heidary or Ali Reza Khodabakhshi.

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Heidary, F., Khodabakhshi, A.R. & Ghanbari, D. A Novel Sulfonated Poly Phenylene Oxide-Poly Vinylchloride/ZnO Cation-Exchange Membrane Applicable in Refining of Saline Liquids. J Clust Sci 28, 1489–1507 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-017-1156-6

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