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Dispersion of ZnO Nanoparticles in a Mixture of Ethylene Glycol–Water, Exploration of Temperature-Dependent Density, and Sensitivity Analysis

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Abstract

Experimental studies are performed to evaluate the stability of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles suspended in a mixture of ethylene glycol and water with weight ratio of 40–60 as the base fluid. Different methods have been employed to disperse ZnO nanoparticles. It is found that using Gum Arabic leads to clustering and settle the nanoparticles. Also, the use of DI ammonium hydrogen citrate with weight ratio 1:1 (surfactant:nanoparticles) gives the acceptable stability. The density of nanofluids is measured and the results are compared with theoretical results. A helpful correlation for the measured densities of the stable nanofluids in a temperature range of 25–40 °C is presented which can used in practical applications. Finally based on the correlation a sensitivity analysis has been done. It is found that at higher temperatures the density is more sensitive to the increases in volume fraction.

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Acknowledgments

The first and third authors wish to thank the Thailand Research Fund, and the National Research University Project to support this study. The authors would like to thank from Mr. Raviwat Srisomba to take the photos, from Mr. Chaiwat Jumpholkul for his help and from Professor Elaheh K. Goharshadi from Ferdowsi university of Mashhad for her valuable guidance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

    Omid Mahian & Ali Kianifar

  2. Fluid Mechanics, Thermal Engineering and Multiphase Flow Research Laboratory (FUTURE), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangmod, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand

    Somchai Wongwises

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  1. Omid Mahian
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  2. Ali Kianifar
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  3. Somchai Wongwises
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Correspondence to Omid Mahian or Somchai Wongwises.

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Mahian, O., Kianifar, A. & Wongwises, S. Dispersion of ZnO Nanoparticles in a Mixture of Ethylene Glycol–Water, Exploration of Temperature-Dependent Density, and Sensitivity Analysis. J Clust Sci 24, 1103–1114 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-013-0601-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-013-0601-4

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