Skip to main content
Log in

Treatment of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy with IL-2 and Mirtazapine

  • Letter to Editor
  • Published:
Journal of Clinical Immunology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Data Availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

References

  1. Cortese I, Reich DS, Nath A. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and the spectrum of JC virus-related disease. Nat Rev Neurol. 2021;17(1):37–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Jamilloux Y, Kerever S, Ferry T, Broussolle C, Honnorat J, Sève P. Treatment of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy With Mirtazapine. Clin Drug Investig. 2016;36(10):783–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Cortese I, Muranski P, Enose-Akahata Y, Ha S-K, Smith B, Monaco M, et al. Pembrolizumab Treatment for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy. New Engl J Med. 2019;380(17):1597–605.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Cortese I, Beck ES, Al-Louzi O, Ohayon J, Andrada F, Osuorah I, et al. BK virus-specific T cells for immunotherapy of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: an open-label, single-cohort pilot study. Lancet Neurol. 2021;20(8):639–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Hoff FW, Rolwes J, Hardeman PA, Perkins M, Major EO, Douek D, et al. Long-term outcome of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with recombinant interleukin-2 treatment and an associated increase in the number of HPyV-2-specific T-cells: a case report. Ther Adv Hematol. 2023;14:20406207231201720.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Lajaunie R, Mainardi I, Gasnault J, Rousseau V, Tarantino AG, Sommet A, et al. Outcome of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Treated by Interleukin-7. Ann Neurol. 2022;91(4):496–505.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Boumaza X, Bonneau B, Roos-Weil D, Pinnetti C, Rauer S, Nitsch L, Immunotherapy for PML Study Group, et al. Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Treated by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Ann Neurol. 2023;93(2):257–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Zhou P. Emerging mechanisms and applications of low-dose IL-2 therapy in autoimmunity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2022;67:80–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by the McGill University Health Centre – Foundation via the SDR Project.

D.C. Vinh is supported by the Fonds de Recherche du Québec—Santé (FRQS) – Senior clinician-scientist scholar program.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

Study design and supervision were performed by Donald C. Vinh. Clinical data generation, acquisition, and analysis were performed by Sapha Barkati, Pierre Laneuville, and Susan Fox. Lorne Schweitzer and Donald C. Vinh wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors have reviewed, contributed to and approved the final version of the manuscript. Donald C. Vinh is the principal investigator providing supervision and funding.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Donald C. Vinh.

Ethics declarations

Ethics Approval

The Research Ethics Board of the Research Institute – McGill University Health Centre has approved this research (No. 2021–6624).

Consent to Participate

The authors confirm that a relevant local consent has been signed by the patient and/or the legally authorized representative.

Consent for Publication

The authors confirm that a relevant local consent has been signed by the patient and/or the legally authorized representative.

Conflicts of Interest/Competing Interests

D.C. Vinh has received research support, unrestricted educational grants, consultancy fees, and speaker honoraria from CSL Behring; has received consultancy fees from AstraZeneca, Moderna, and Takeda; and has undertaken clinical trials for Cidara Therapeutics and Moderna. The remaining authors declare no competing financial interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Schweitzer, L., Barkati, S., Laneuville, P. et al. Treatment of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy with IL-2 and Mirtazapine. J Clin Immunol 44, 97 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-024-01698-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-024-01698-6

Navigation