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NF-κB Signaling in the Aging Process

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Abstract

Introduction

The aging process represents a progressive decline in cellular and organism function. Explaining the aging process has given rise to a cornucopia for different theories in which the basic difference has been the question whether aging is genetically regulated or an entropic degeneration process.

Discussion

Different screening techniques have revealed that mammalian aging is associated with the activation of NF-κB transcription factor system. The NF-κB system is an ancient host defense system concerned with immune responses and different external and internal dangers, such as oxidative and genotoxic stress. NF-κB signaling is not only the master regulator of inflammatory responses but can also regulate several homeostatic responses such as apoptosis, autophagy, and tissue atrophy. We will describe how chronic activation of NF-κB signaling has the capacity to induce the senescent phenotype associated with aging. Interestingly, several longevity genes such as SIRT1, SIRT6, and FoxOs can clearly suppress NF-κB signaling and in this way delay the aging process and extend lifespan.

Conclusion

It seems that the aging process is an entropic degeneration process driven by NF-κB signaling. This process can be regulated by a variety of longevity genes along with a plethora of other factors such as genetic polymorphism, immune and dietary aspects, and environmental insults.

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Acknowledgments

This study was financially supported by grants from the Academy of Finland and the University of Kuopio, Finland. The authors thank Dr. Ewen MacDonald for checking the language of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Kuopio, P. O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland

    Antero Salminen

  2. Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, P. O. Box 1777, 70211, Kuopio, Finland

    Antero Salminen

  3. Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Kuopio, P. O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland

    Kai Kaarniranta

  4. Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P. O. Box 1777, 70211, Kuopio, Finland

    Kai Kaarniranta

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  1. Antero Salminen
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Correspondence to Antero Salminen.

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Salminen, A., Kaarniranta, K. NF-κB Signaling in the Aging Process. J Clin Immunol 29, 397–405 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-009-9296-6

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