Evaluation of the use of a commercially available cavity ringdown absorption spectrometer for measuring NO2 in flight, and observations over the Mid-Atlantic States, during DISCOVER-AQ

Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry volume 72, pages503–521(2015)Cite this article

Abstract

Real time, atmospheric NO2 column profiles over the Mid-Atlantic states, during the July 2011 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations to Air Quality (DISCOVER AQ) flight campaign, demonstrated that a cavity ring down spectrometer with a light emitting diode light source (LED-CRD) is a suitable technique for detecting NO2 in the boundary layer (BL) and lower free troposphere (LFT). Results from a side-by-side flight between a NASA P3 aircraft and a University of Maryland (UMD) Cessna 402B aircraft show that NO2 concentrations in ambient air from 0.08 nmol /mol (or ppbv) to 1.3 nmol/mol were consistent with NO2 measurements obtained via laser induced fluorescence (LIF) and photolysis followed by NO chemiluminescence (P-CL). The current LED-CRD, commercially available by Los Gatos Research (LGR), includes the modifications added by Castellanos et al. (Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80:113107, 2009) to compensate for baseline drift and humidity through built in zeroing and drying. Because of laser instability in the initial instrument, the laser light source in the Castellanos et al. (Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80:113107, 2009) instrument has been replaced with a light emitting diode. Six independent calibrations demonstrated the instrument’s linearity up through 150 nmol/mol NO2 and excellent stability in calibration coefficient of 1.26 (± 3.7 %). The instrument detection limit is 80 pmol/mol. Aircraft measurements over the Mid-Atlantic are included showing horizontal and vertical distributions of NO2 during air quality episodes. During 23 research flights, NO2 profiles were measured west and generally upwind of the Baltimore/Washington, D.C. area in the morning and east (generally downwind) of the metropolitan region in the afternoon. Column contents (surface to 2,500 m altitude) were remarkably similar (≈3 × 1015 molecules/cm2) indicating that NO2 is widely distributed over the eastern US contributing to the regional (spatial scales of approximately1000 km) nature of smog events.

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Acknowledgments

The aircraft flights were funded by Maryland Department of the Environment and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). From NIST we thank Dave Duewer for help with data analysis and Jim Norris for calibrating the ozone monitor and primary standard. We thank Winston Luke, Paul Kelley and Xinrong Ren from the (NOAA) for conducting a month long field comparison to their P-CL NO2 instrument. We thank Patricia Castellanos for instrument instruction and support. We thank NASA for supporting the DISCOVER-AQ air campaign and AURA and AQAST funding.

Disclaimer

The identification of certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. These identifications are made only in order to specify the experimental procedures in adequate detail.

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Affiliations

  1. MML, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA

    L. C. Brent & W. J. Thorn

  2. University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA

    L. C. Brent, J. W. Stehr, H. He, H. L. Arkinson & R. R. Dickerson

  3. Los Gatos Research, Mountain View, CA, USA

    M. Gupta & B. Leen

  4. NCAR, Boulder, CO, USA

    A. Weinheimer

  5. Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA

    C. Garland, S. E. Pusede, P. J. Wooldridge & R. C. Cohen

  6. Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA

    R. C. Cohen

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Brent, L.C., Thorn, W.J., Gupta, M. et al. Evaluation of the use of a commercially available cavity ringdown absorption spectrometer for measuring NO2 in flight, and observations over the Mid-Atlantic States, during DISCOVER-AQ. J Atmos Chem 72, 503–521 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-013-9265-6

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Keywords

  • Nitrogen dioxide
  • Cavity ringdown
  • Air quality
  • Regional smog
  • Flight measurements