Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis: A Conceptual and Empirical Critique

Rudolph, Cort W.; Costanza, David P.; Wright, Charlotte; Zacher, Hannes

doi:10.1007/s10869-019-09659-2

Original Paper
Published: 27 November 2019

Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis: A Conceptual and Empirical Critique

Cort W. Rudolph ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-0536-9638¹,
David P. Costanza²,
Charlotte Wright² &
Hannes Zacher³

Journal of Business and Psychology volume 35, pages 733–750 (2020)Cite this article

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Abstract

The proper estimation of age, period, and cohort (APC) effects is a pervasive concern for the study of a variety of psychological and social phenomena, inside and outside of organizations. One analytic technique that has been used to estimate APC effects is cross-temporal meta-analysis (CTMA). Although CTMA has some appealing qualities (e.g., ease of interpretability), it has also been criticized on theoretical and methodological grounds. Furthermore, CTMA makes strong assumptions about the nature and operation of cohort effects relative to age and period effects that have not been empirically tested. Accordingly, the goal of this paper is to explore CTMA, its history, and these assumptions. Using a Monte Carlo study, we demonstrate that, in many cases, cohort effects are misestimated (i.e., systematically over- or underestimated) by CTMA. This work provides further evidence that APC effects pose intractable problems for research questions where APC effects are of interest.

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Notes

In Twenge’s (2000) paper, Twenge and Campbell (2000) is cited as an unpublished manuscript. Twenge and Campbell (2000) was later published in 2001 and hence appears as such in the “References” section. This explains the incongruity of citing a later paper (2001) that appeared in an earlier one (2000).

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Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
Cort W. Rudolph
The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
David P. Costanza & Charlotte Wright
Institute of Psychology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
Hannes Zacher

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David P. Costanza
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Charlotte Wright
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Hannes Zacher
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A pre-print version of this work can be found here: https://psyarxiv.com/exskp/. Code to replicate the simulations presented here can be found at: https://osf.io/mak6y/. A Shiny web-app is also available here: https://cortrudolph.shinyapps.io/CTMA_Simulation.

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Rudolph, C.W., Costanza, D.P., Wright, C. et al. Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis: A Conceptual and Empirical Critique. J Bus Psychol 35, 733–750 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-019-09659-2

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Published: 27 November 2019
Issue Date: December 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-019-09659-2

Keywords

Age
Cohorts
Cross-temporal meta-analysis
Generations
Lifespan