Abstract
Introduction
Social jetlag (SJL), the discrepancy in sleep timing between weekdays and weekends, is associated with higher BMI and cardiometabolic risk and is common in young adults. We examined whether chronic SJL impacts weight gain in young adults participating in a weight gain prevention trial.
Methods
Young adults (n = 599, age 18–35; BMI: 21.0-30.9 kg/m2) completed assessments at 0, 4, 12, and 24 months. Multilevel mixed growth models were used to examine (1) associations between demographics and longitudinal SJL and (2) longitudinal SJL as a predictor of weight change and cardiometabolic outcomes. SJL was assessed as a continuous and clinically-significant dichotomous (< vs. ≥2 h) variable.
Results
38% of participants had clinically-significant SJL at ≥ 1 timepoints (Baseline M ± SD = 1.3±0.89). Younger (b=-0.05, p < 0.001), female (b = 0.18, p = 0.037) and Black (compared to White, b = 0.23, p = 0.045) participants were more likely to have greater SJL. Individuals with high SJL (≥ 2 h; between-person effect) were more likely to have greater weight gain over 2 years (b = 0.05, p = 0.028). High SJL did not affect the rate of change in waist circumference or cardiometabolic markers over time.
Conclusions
High SJL is associated with greater weight gain over time. Reducing SJL may positively impact weight status in young adults.
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Data Availability Material
Data are available at NIH/NHLBI BioLINCC.
Code Availability
Not applicable.
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Funding
This work was supported by the following grants from the National Institutes of Health: NIDDK K23DK128561, NHLBI T32HL076134 and NHLBI U01HL090864.
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RRW, DFT, MAE, AAG, CEL, & EJ contributed to the design and execution of the SNAP study and JFH, LMS, AL, JGL, and RRW conceived and planned the current analysis. JFH and LMS analyzed the data. All authors contributed to the final paper.
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ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01183689.
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DFT serves on the Scientific Advisory board and receives grant funding from WW. JGL receives grant funding from WW. RRW is on the Scientific Advisory Board of Noom. The other authors declared no conflict of interest.
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This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at The Miriam Hospital and University of North Carolina and was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration as revised in 2013.
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Hayes, J.F., Schumacher, L.M., Lanoye, A. et al. Persistent, High Levels of Social Jetlag Predict Poor Weight Outcomes in a Weight Gain Prevention Study for Young adults. J Behav Med 45, 794–803 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-022-00339-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-022-00339-w